Demand Response Management And Energy Storage Capacity Optimization For Electricity Retailer Considering Risk Aversion

With the deepening of the reform of the electricity market in our country,electricity retail markets are established and many power retailer are gradually built up and participate in the sale of electricity business.Power retailers assume the role of middlemen in the electricity market,buying electricity from the independent system operator(ISO),and then selling them to the end users in the retail market.For power retailers,they can participate in the operation of the day-ahead market.In the day-ahead market,the retailer predicts the power demand and distributed renewable energy output of the internal users,and submits the bidding power to the ISO.Because the terminal power users demand and distributed renewable energy output uncertainty,the retailers actual power demand is not coincide with the day-ahead market bidding power,this deviation results in unbalanced punishment costs.Therefore,How to describe the retailers imbalanced electricity purchase risk,it caused by the end user load demand and distributed power output uncertainty,and making effective risk avoidance methods is an important problem worth studying.First,a power retailer with conventional load and prosumer is constructed;Based on the degree of purchasing deviation of power retailers,a segmented imbalanced penalty pricing mechanism is proposed There are two kinds of controllable resources such as controllable load and battery energy storage system,and they can be regarded as virtual generator unit.A controllable load demand response and the fast charge and discharge characteristics of battery energy storage system are adopted to control the power deviation of retailers is propose in this paper,it can reduce the cost of punishment for power retailers.Secondly,this paper researches controllable load demand response,and according to the different response modes,the price demand response model and excitation demand response model are presented.In order to coordination among the power retailers,the power grid and the users of the three interests The model of retailer in the purchase and sale of electricity utility maximization,deviation power minimization and controllable load user demand response satisfaction maximization as the goal,a multi-objective optimization model of controllable load demand response optimal scheduling is established.An adaptive weight particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to get the optimal solution,and to determine the weights of each sub objective function in the multi-objective optimization model,a ranking method based on average fitness deviation of each objective function is presented.The numerical simulation is carried out by using the historical load data of PJM to demonstrate the validity and rationality of the proposed model.Finally,this paper considers the fast charge and discharge characteristics of battery energy storage system,and configuration of battery energy storage system for power retailers can effectively avoid the risk come from unbalanced purchase of electricity.In this paper,the robust optimization method is adopted to deal with the uncertainty of deviation power,based on the optimization of the retailer's operating efficiency,a robust optimization model of energy storage allocation is constructed.The security of retailer was reflected in the objective of the robust optimization model,which was to optimize the operation cost under the worst case of uncertainty of deviation power.The economy of the decision-making can be achieved by adjusting the boundary parameters of uncertainty set to control the conservatism of the robust optimization model.In order to solve the problem,a column-and-constraint generation algorithm was proposed.Simulation results verify:the BESS optimal allocation scheme can effectively reduce the deviation power and reduce the risk loss,and with the unbalanced penalty price increases,the best BESS configuration capacity increases;by adjusting the boundary parameters of the uncertain set,we can realize the control of the conservatism of the robust optimization model,so as to obtain the energy storage configuration scheme which can take into account the economic and security of the retailer.