Research On The Tool Setting Method Of Diamond Cutter Based On Laser Diffraction Theory

In the field of ultra-precision machining,low accuracy of the tool-workpiece detection becomes an important factor restricting the precision of ultra-precision machining.Laser diffraction tool setting is a method of measuring the distance between the diamond tool and the workpiece by detecting the first-level diffraction stripe peak spacing.However,many factors affect the accuracy of the diffraction tool setting.Studying the installation process parameters is of great significance to improve the ultra-precision machining precision and ensure the ultra-precision machining quality.The main purpose of this paper is to develop a precise adjustment method that can guide ultra-precision machining by studying the effect of installation process parameters on the accuracy of laser diffraction measurement on the diamond tool setting.On the basis of consulting a large number of domestic and foreign literatures and analyzing the research status at home and abroad in detail,the research contents of the following aspects are mainly completed:First of all,the Fraunhofer far-field diffraction theory was studied,and the tool setting distance model was established.The experimental prototype of the laser diffraction tool setting is designed and developed by Solidworks.Then the structure of the design optimization and build related prototype.Then,the base lifting mechanism is used to provide lifting movement for the detection mechanism,the optical axis deflection platform is used to provide the detection mechanism with a yaw angle,detection mechanism is used to complete the tool setting distance detection.Initially determined the relevant process influencing factors through experimental methods.Secondly,according to the principle of the structure of the measuring device,there are many factors that affect the measurement accuracy.The effects of each factor on the detection accuracy need to be studied separately.In this study,the diffraction intensity calculation model of laser oblique incidence angle,the diffraction intensity calculation model of CCD tilt angle and the diffraction intensity calculation model of a rectangular aperture were established.Based on the diffraction intensity calculation model,a method of incident laser tilt angle correction,a method of angle correction of CCD tilt angle and a method of error correction of rectangular hole tilt angle were established.For the structure of the CCD makes the sampling information is lost and thus lead to the problem of lower detection accuracy.In this study,CCD misplaced translation imaging method is proposed to improve the sampling density,and the use of interpolation to further realize the sub-pixel image detection.Finally,the precision of laser diffraction tool setting prototype is calibrated.In this study,the nanometer lifting platform is used to change the distance of the tool setting.The accuracy of detection is obtained by comparing the displacement of the test data with that of the nano-elevator.Based on the above process and experimental research,this article eventually formed a complete set of precision laser diffraction tool adjustment and detection methods.It lays a good foundation for the follow-up research.