| Since the Reform and Opening Up,the pace of urbanization in China has been speeding up and the level of industrialization has increased rapidly,resulting in ecological environment deterioration,village culture decline and many other problems.Such as the sprawling expansion of urban construction land,the encroachment of a large number of arable land in and around the city,the widening gap between urban and rural development and the aggravation of contradictions.In order to solve these problems,we should effectively take some useful measures to use the rural land,like the planning of villages,consolidation of rural settlements and towns and the construction of new rural areas,in these ways we will finally realize the revitalization of rural areas,the integration of urban and rural areas and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.As an important carrier of rural population spatial agglomeration,rural residential areas play an important role in agricultural production,social development,cultural heritage.Therefore,we need scientifically understand and distinguish the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements,reveal their internal spatial patterms among different scales,and quantify their influencing factors.These can provide theoretical basis for rural settlement consolidation and village planning,and have practical significance for scientific and rational allocation and optimization of urban and rural land resources.This paper takes Guangshui City as a study area.Guangshui takes the lead in completing a new round of Land Renovation Planning,which has a demonstration significance in the county-level land improvement planning work in the province.In addition,the work of linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land,the renovation and cultural protection of ancient villages in rural areas,the construction of new rural areas,and precision poverty alleviation all have been combined.In addition,its geomorphology is low mountain and hilly,complex and diverse terrain has typical significance,it can provide reference for the same type of geomorphologic terrain area.Based on the all above,this paper takes the rural settlements in Guangshui city as the research object,runs the GIS,RS technology and the spatial data analysis method,combines with the spatial analysis methods such as spatial autocorrelation,nuclear density analysis and so on.In this paper,from a multi-scale point of view,compared and analyzed the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Guangshui in 2016,and took Spatial Econometric Regression Model(SEM)to quantify the influencing factors.This paper can provide a multi-scale perspective for the study of spatial characteristics and broaden the research ideas of influencing factors.At the same time,it provides scientific support for Land Planning in Guangshui City,and guides the construction of new countryside in Guangshui City.The conclusions are as follows:(1)The Average Separation Index(ASI)of 406 settlements in Guangshui city was 9.25,indicating that the rural settlements in the administrative villages of Guangshui city were in a gather state.It can be seen that the separation degree of rural settlements among different administrative villages in Guangshui City is quite significant,that is,the agglomeration or dispersion characteristics of rural settlements among different administrative villages are quite different.(2)From the global of Guangshui City,select the Average Nearest Neighbor Index(ANNI)to calculate the spatial dispersion or aggregation characteristics of rural settlements in Guangshui City.The result was that ANN=0.83,indicates that the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Guangshui City has a significant spatial agglomeration characteristics.(3)From the perspective of spatial visualization,the Nuclear Density Analysis of rural settlements in Guangshui City shows that the search radius of 1800 m is the most reasonable.In 2016,the maximum nuclear density of rural settlements in Guangshui City was 14.26/km2.(4)This study carries on the global space autocorrelation analysis from the county(city),the township and the village levels.The result are as blows:Moranr's I county(city)=0.6424,Moran's I township=0.6943,Moran's I village=0.8082.It can be seen that Moran's I county(city)<Moran's I township<Moran's I village.It shows that the aggregation characteristics of village scale are the most significant,the township scale is the second,and the county scale is the smallest.(5)Based on the analysis of local autocorrelation,it is found that the HH-type areas are mainly distributed in suburban,such as Luodian,Maping and Changling towns.And in addition,Chen Xiang and Yu Dian.Hao Dian and Wudian Town four towns also have a partial distribution,indicating that the rural settlements in these areas have obvious spatial aggregation characteristics.The distribution range and size of HL-type and LH-type are relatively small,mainly scattered along the boundaries of villages and towns,there is negative correlation or anomaly in space.LL-type is distributed in most areas of Guangshui City,mainly in the eastern region,followed by the mountainous and hilly areas in the north-central region,and some along the county boundaries of Yudian Town and Wudian Town,and this type area shows negative correlation.The rural settlements which represent these areas also have obvious aggregation characteristics in space,and the rural settlements are relatively concentrated distribution.(6)This paper used the Spatial Econometric Regression Model to study the four representative influencing factors(terrain,water system,road and town)of rural residential areas quantitatively.Considering the spatial characteristics of the research objects,the Spatial Error Model(SEM)is finally selected for calculation.The results show that the distribution of rural settlements is affected by various factors(coefficient):C water system=0.015,C township=0.087,C road=0.055,C terrain index=-0.262.Topography,rivers,towns and roads all have obvious effects on the spatial distribution of rural settlements.Among the four kinds of influencing factors,the Topographic Index is negatively correlated,indicating that the larger the index is,the less the rural settlements are.The absolute value of the coefficient:C terrain index>C township>C road>C water system.It indicates that among the influencing factors of rural settlements,the topographic factor(elevation and slope)Plays an important role,while the urban radiation affect,roads and water systems decreases in turn. |
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