Study On The Reconstruction Design Of Rural Household Toilet In The Mountainous Area Of Southwestern Hubei

Toilet is the space where people solve their basic physiological needs,the embodiment of social civilization,the symbol of economic development,but also one of the sources of rural environmental health crisis under the current situation in China.On the one hand,there has been lots of practice on the toilet revolution in China in recent years,but it’s lack of systematic study on rural toilets.On the other hand,there has been lots of study from various fields on the traditional dwellings in the southwestern Hubei,but the household toilet problem is neglected.Under this background,the author is willing to do some exploration on the issue of rural household toilets in the mountainous areas of southwestern Hubei.First of all,based on the perspective of traditional Chinese toilet history,the author summarized the shape and structure,the usage,the related ideology,culture and the living customs of rural toilets in China and also probed into the root causes of the current toilet problems through reading and analyzing the related literature.Then,the literature reading and field investigation were carried out towards the mountainous area of southwestern Hubei,taking Pengjiazhai as the example.Several aspects including the layout,the function,the materials and structure,the sewage treatment and the utilization of fecaluria resources of household toilets in Pengjiazhai were taken into deep consideration and analysis through interviews,observations,photographs and records,which leads to the summary of the current situation of household toilets in the mountainous areas of southwestern Hubei,including unreasonable spatial layout,disordered functions,backward sanitary appliances,uncomfortable environment and faulty sewage treatment.On the basis of literature research and field investigation,the author then proposed the four design concepts for the reconstruction of the household toilets in the southwestern Hubei Province as the theoretical basis for the reconstruction design strategies,which are ecological,sustainable,regional and humanized.At last,in order to establish a series of design strategies compatible with the development of the mountainous area in southwestern Hubei,for one hand,the renovation strategies of the household toilets were discussed in terms of the existing problems basedon the results of the survey and analysis,for the other hand,the future development of Pengjiazhai and the corresponding solutions were also conceived.The author is fully aware that the design strategies proposed in this study are not comprehensive,and also not necessarily the optimized.The study aims to attract more attention from the architecture field to the household toilets in the mountainous areas of southwestern Hubei province,and to make a contribution to the development of rural household toilets under the guidance of multi-disciplinary combination.