Research On Distribution Path Planning Of Electric Vehicle Based On Nonlinear Electric Power Consumption Of Weight And Speed

It is a broad development trend that electric vehicles replace fuel vehicles in the field of logistics.However,the low battery utilization,long charging time,imperfect charging facilities and the existence of "driving distance anxiety" have become important constraints for the promotion and application of electric vehicles,which is also the reason why the general path planning model is not suitable for electric vehicles.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical value to study the path planning base on the characteristics of electric vehicles.In addition,most of the existing research on electric vehicle path planning assumes that the construction of power consumption model has nothing to do with speed and load.However,the actual driving effect and theoretical research of electric vehicles show that speed and load have significant non-linear effects on the electric consumption of electric vehicles.For every 10 km/h increase or decrease in driving speed,the electric consumption per mileage changes by more than 10%,while for every 100 kg increase or decrease in vehicle load,the average change of electric consumption per mileage is about 4.2%.These effects cannot be neglected and should be considered in path planning.Based on the non-linear influence of speed and load on power consumption and the constraints of customer time window,vehicle load and power consumption,this paper constructs a path planning model of electric vehicle based on non-linear power consumption,taking minimizing the starting cost,charging cost,total driving mileage cost and total time penalty cost as objective functions,and adopts genetic algorithm and tabu search algorithm respectively to solve the problem,the better path planning results are selected by comprehensive comparison.In this paper,the path planning model is applied to the distribution network of Guangdong X Company.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Considering the non-linear influence of speed and load on the electric consumption of electric vehicles,compared with the uniform electric consumption model,the total cost of distribution is reduced by about 55.47%,the time penalty cost is reduced,the risk of insufficient electric quantity is reduced,and the path planning is more reasonable;(2)Build a small charging station on the basis of the original public charging station,then the number of electric vehicles needed to be charged during distribution will be reduced by 50%,the number of charges will be reduced by 25%,the total distribution cost will be reduced by about 5.53%,the total driving distance will be reduced by about 9.78%,the annual cost will be saved by about 12623.7 yuan,and the construction cost will be recovered after 8 years.(3)When choosing high speed with low speed to drive,compared with single speed,the cost of distribution can be saved by about 1.85%,the total mileage can be reduced by about 32.63%,and the result of path planning is better.The above conclusions can provide guidance suggestions for enterprises to provide electric vehicle distribution services,in order to rationalize path planning and save enterprise distribution cost.