Pyrolysis Of Chickpeas Waste And Peanut Shells For The Production Of Oil And Its Analysis

Rising energy consumption in countries such as China has led to increase interest in the conversion of solid waste into usable products such as fuels.Of the various processes that can be used to convert solid waste into fuels the pyrolysis process has been identified as having significant potential.A series of biomass wastes,such as peanut shells and chickpeas produced in China,have been adopted in the current work.Using these materials as raw materials,conventional slow pyrolysis(SP)is used for external heating.Pyrolysis reactions were carried in a tubular furnace reactor at 400,500 and 600?,at atmospheric pressure with the heating rate of 15?/min and 3 hours with continuous nitrogen purging,aiming to investigate its byproducts generation and biomass use as feedstock for energy conversion.Liquid products obtained were analyzed using Nuclear magnetic resonance(1HNMR)for selected tests.The solid products obtained were not analyzed for specific substances/compounds as it was assumed that this consisted mostly of carbon.The solid products obtained from selected tests were analyzed using BET surface area analyzer.It was found that the pyrolysis of peanut shells gave a 44.80 wt.%bio-oil yield at 500?.The peanut shell cannot be completely thermally decomposed at lower temperatures(for example,470?),and bio-oil vapor may exhibit secondary cracks at higher temperatures(>500?).The pyrolysis of chickpeas gave 10.32 wt.%of the bio-oil yield at 500?.Several characterization methods used in order to get the desired chemical or compounds from the yield product.The 1HNMR analysis of bio oil indicates the presence of alkanes,ether,methoxy in case and peanut shell as biomass sample and alkanes,Aliphatic ?-to heteroatom or unsaturation,Alcohols,methylene-dibenzene from chickpeas biomass sample.Surface area of bio char is examined by Brunauer-Emmet-Teller(BET).It was found that the increase of pyrolysis temperature from 400? to 500? did not show a significant increase in BET surface area.However when the temperature increase to 600? the BET surface area rose drastically to 91.0930 m2/g in case of chickpeas waste and 34.0656 m2/g for peanut shell sample.Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR)is also performed on resultant bio char.It was concluded that in case of bio char form chickpeas waste,the peaks from 3700-3584 cm-1 refers to O-H stretching vibrations that suggested presence of alcohols.The peak at 3000-2800 cm-1 range refers to C-H,which suggests the presence of alkanes.The broad dominant peak at 1210-1163 cm-1 is typical of C-O stretching vibrations and suggests the presence of ester.Finally the small peaks from 900 to 450 cm-1 suggests the presence of alkenes and halogenoalkanes.According to the profile identified through FTIR analysis,chemical groups were inferred for peanut shells biomass sample,the peaks from 3550-3200 cm-1 refers to O-H stretching vibrations that suggested presence of alcohols.The absorbance peaks from 1500 to 1150 cm-1 suggests the presence of acids,alkanes,aromatics,ethers,and halogenoalkanes.