Landscape Characteristics And Utilization Of Rural Settlements In Tongluoshan Mine Park,Chongqing

In recent years,with the adjustment of the national industrial structure,the mining industry has been transformed into a delicate,environmental friendly and sustainable industry.A large number of abandoned lands of mining plants in the urban area have been transformed into different forms of parks by virtue of their location advantages Among them,the abandoned lands with the value of the cultural heritage of the quarrying industry can be declared as the national mining parks.The establishment of the national mining parks has promoted the mining area At the same time,it brings some opportunities and challenges to the original villages in the park.In 2017,Yubei District of Chongqing successfully declared Tongluoshan National Mine Park in Yubei District of Chongqing.Now the park is about to be completed.When participating in the investigation and investigation of the planning and design project of Tongluoshan Mine Park in Yubei District,it was found that after defining the scope of the planned red line,the internal rural settlement landscape of Tongluoshan mine park has been positively affected to a certain extent in terms of social economy and ecological environment.But at the same time,the original rural settlements within the park will also face migration,protection,reconstruction and other problems.The rural settlement landscape is not only an important part of the mine park,but also carries the traditional rural life and mining culture,which plays an important role in the humanistic significance of the mine park.Therefore,how to protect and utilize the rural settlements reasonably based on the current situation and characteristics of the development of the rural settlements in the mine park,and promote the coordinated development of the mine park and the village,is an urgent problem to be solvedThis paper takes the natural villages in Tongluoshan Mine Park,Yubei District,Chongqing as the research object,typology as the theoretical basis for the study of rural settlement landscape types in mine park,summarizes the settlement landscape characteristics under different types by using the type selection theory,and puts forward corresponding design and utilization strategies for different types of settlements by using the type conversion theory,and selects typical settlements Carry out practical application.Finally,the following research results are obtained(1)From the theoretical point of view,this paper discusses the influencing factors,spatial layout,constituent elements,classification methods and type characteristics of rural settlement landscape(2)This paper summarizes the general situation of Tongluoshan Mine Park in Yubei District,Chongqing,as well as the landscape pattern,environment,general situation and elements of rural settlements.Using the classification method of typology,five types of research objects are extracted:belt type,centralized type,group type,ring type and scattered type.Then the different types of landscape characteristics of different types of rural settlements are discussed from different levels,such as spatial layout,constituent elements(plants,buildings,road squares)and so on.According to statistics,the main types of rural settlements in mine park are the belt type and the cluster type,the concentrated type is the secondary type,the ring type and the scattered type are the rare type.In terms of terrain distribution,the belt type is mainly distributed on highways and main roads in the park,and the cluster type settlement is widely distributed and diversified in layout.The concentrated type is mainly affected by the mountains in the middle and lower part of the mountain,and the ring type natural settlement is located along the mountain.It is concluded that the formation of this type is mainly restricted by the terrain.Statistics from the spatial composition:5 types have no obvious street space,node space,entrance space,the concentrated type has obvious entrance landscape,and the rest have no obvious landscape layout.According to the vegetation survey,we can see that all types of agricultural landscape are equally valued,and take it as the main landscape.The economic fruit forest is mainly distributed in the cluster type and concentrated type of relatively flat settlement.From the small view of the courtyard,the closer the settlement is to the mountain road,the more the small view of the courtyard accounts for,and the more the residents pay attention to the layout of the landscape effect.According to the building statistical survey,the newly built settlement is mainly in the form of belt type,and the ring type and scattered type are mainly in need of migration and rectification,while the centralized type and group type are mainly in place protection and renovation.Road squares:there is no square and public space in all types.The strip road network is mainly in tree structure,while the centralized and cluster road network is mainly in network structure,and the rest are basically without fixed form.(3)Finally,the research results are obtained from the investigation of different types of rural settlements,and then combined with the standard contents of planning standards for scenic spots,technical requirements for the preparation of national mine park planning,Chongqing urban and rural master plan(2007-2020)revised in 2011,and regulations on the development and construction of "four mountain" areas in Chongqing Based on the planning and construction of the mine park,tourism development and villagers’ daily life,this paper puts forward reasonable utilization strategies(reconstruction design,local protection,migration and restoration,etc.),and designs reconstruction for typical settlement cases,so as to seek practical and effective construction mode for different types of rural settlements in the mine park.