Research On Electric Vehicle Routing Problem With Charging Strategy And Nonlinear Energy Consumption

Under the increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements,driven by national policies and the development of economic and technological,the use of electric vehicles for logistics distribution has become the general trend.However,electric vehicles have "mileage anxiety" problem caused by the limitation of battery capacity,and its full charging time is longer,these characteristics make the electric vehicle routing problem significantly different from the traditional routing problem.Most existing studies assume that the energy consumption of electric vehicles is linear,and that the charging time is fixed.Based on this,this thesis will study the electric vehicle routing problem considering nonlinear energy consumption and charging strategies.Firstly,this thesis constructs a more realistic energy consumption function based on analyzing the influencing factors of energy consumption and the energy conversion process of electric vehicles.Then this thesis establishes an electric vehicle routing model with nonlinear energy consumption that takes minimizing the total cost of distribution as the objective function,and proposes a modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm based on VND search to solve the proposed E-CVRPTW model.Taking the normal temperature milk distribution of Guangdong T company as an example analysis,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)the energy consumption per kilometer of the electric vehicle when leaving from the last customer is reduced by about 43.69% compared with that the energy consumption per kilometer of the electric vehicle when leaving from the distribution center.(2)Different energy consumption models have a greater impact on the distribution scheme.The total distribution cost is reduced by about 16.62% when considering the nonlinear energy consumption,which can help logistics companies implement the vehicle routing planning decision more accurately and further optimize the distribution scheme.Secondly,this thesis analyzes the charging process and strategy,constructs the charging function,then establishes an electric vehicle routing model considering charging strategy and nonlinear energy consumption.Similarly,taking the normal temperature milk distribution of Guangdong T Company as an example analysis,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)The total distribution cost of the E-CVRPTW model considering charging strategy and nonlinear energy consumption is the lowest among the three models,which is about 67.69% of the uniform energy consumption E-CVRPTW model,and the cost saving is about 18.81% compared with the E-CVRPTW model considering only nonlinear energy consumption.(2)When considering the charging strategy,it tends to charge a small amount many times.Which can well meet the requirements of customer delivery time window and improve customer satisfaction.Finally,to study the influence of battery capacity and load on the distribution cost by performing sensitivity analysis on the two models separately,and it is concluded that the total distribution cost decreases slowly as the battery capacity increases to a certain value,and the total distribution cost decreases first and then rises with the increase of rated load.Therefore,enterprises should consider the trade-off between distribution cost saving and purchase cost increasing caused by large battery capacity when buying cars.Meanwhile,instead of pursuing high load vehicles blindly,enterprises should consider the actual distribution demand to ensure that the customer delivery time window requirements while maintaining a high load rate.With the advent electric vehicles era,the above conclusions can provide reference for enterprises to purchase electric vehicles and optimize distribution decisions.It is conducive to reducing distribution costs and improving the quality of delivery service for enterprises.