Research On Rural Public Space Design Needs Of Farmers In Mountainous Areas

In recent years,with the transformation development of China’s rural construction,the country inputs a lot of material resources,financial resources and human resources to restore the cultural construction and autonomous ability of villages.The country comes into people’s view again as a public place carrying traditional culture and collective memory,even it is viewed as a panacea saving cultural construction of villages.However,when walking into the village,we can find that there is no one in cultural activity room,reading room and square which are invested by the government,while canteen and bus station are crowded with villagers who play cards and chat with each other.Those well-designed public spaces are much less dynamic than the spaces formed by the villagers themselves,even they are idle and deserted,which has caused a terrible waste of resources.In face of this dislocated phenomenon,this paper will explore and explain the cause and effect of this phenomenon to find out the true demands of villagers by combining theoretical research with empirical research.Firstly,the paper utilizes literature research to understand and sort out the development history of relevant concepts to establish a theoretical basis for empirical research;Secondly,the paper uses field investigation(including observation,interview,video recording and other methods)in anthropology to carry out empirical investigation,investigating the living conditions,behavioral habits and activity spaces of the villagers of Z village in their daily life,summarizes the rules and characteristics of villagers’ activities in this village,and provides true evidence for conclusion.Through this research,we can intuitively understand the use of public spaces in Z village,design issue,the true demands of villagers on rural public spaces and other contents,at the same time,some referential anthropology methods can be provided for research on theory of design.This paper sorted out the evolution process and development rules of public spaces in mountainous rural areas through literature research,and found that the development of rural public spaces has gone through four stages of prosperity,compression,decline and remodeling,while the overcorrect urbanization and pan artistic phenomenon exist in the current rural public spaces,providing theoretical reference for empirical research.Secondly,the living environment,folk custom,living structure and activity habits of the villagers were investigated in case study of Z village,then it was found that the activity habits of villagers had the characteristics of publicity,regularity and durability,and there were real demands in the use of public spaces.But after investigating the condition of public spaces of Z village,various issues of current spaces were found: inadequate supply of facilities in transactional public spaces,single activity form in entertainment public spaces,crude environmental design in service-oriented public spaces,disordered layout structure in tourism-type public areas and so on,which caused the mismatches in demand and supply.Finally,the paper put forward a conclusion according to villagers’ different demands on ‘object’,’people’,and ‘culture’ that through demand on reasonable perfection of hardware facilities,demand on humanistic concern about special community and demand on rational respect for local culture,the relationship between villagers and ‘object-people-culture’ of rural public spaces.At the same time,three strategies of form following function,people oriented and regional design were put forward from the perspective of design ethics,providing the design of rural public spaces with value orientation of design.