Research On The Game-theoretic Approach Of The Microgrid Energy Management System With Prosumers

Microgrid is a small-scale energy system containing distributed generation,energy storage equipment and monitoring equipment.It has attracted extensive attention in solving the problem of integration of large scale distributed generation.Prosumers are consumers involved in the production of power.They are often represented by end users with distributed energy resources and energy storage equipment.They play an important role in achieving two-direction power transmission and improving operation efficiency of the grid.This paper uses game theory to study the operation and scheduling of microgrid energy management system considering three types of prosumers equipped with wind power,photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system respectively.This paper first discusses the mathematical model of the microgrid containing the power prosumers.For the three different types of power production equipment installed by the prosumers,the mathematical models are established for the operation mode of the prosumers with the goal of maximizing their own interests/ minimizing their cost.Then,the game theory applied to the microgrid management system proposed in this paper is introduced and studied,including the basic definitions of game theory,model and Nash equilibrium of the Stackelberg Game,as well as stability to maintain the structure of coalition patterns and approach of profit allocation in the cooperative game.Afterwards,taking the microgrid manager profit maximization as the primary goal and maximization of prosumers' profit as the secondary goal,game theory is applied to study the equilibrium solving methods and market clearing mechanism while the prosumers operate individually.The proposed bi-level non-cooperative game model uses differential evolution algorithm to obtain optimal bidirectional internal price and scheduling of the prosumers in the microgrid in the day-ahead market.Finally,considering all the coalition structures that the prosumers may form,profit gained by all game participants are studied under the goal of coalitional profit maximization by using the optimal internal bidirectional prices in the grid obtained in the previous section and the microgrid manager is not considered as a game participant.GAMS software is used to obtain the optimal coalition structure and profit allocation.Compared with the profit situation where prosumers operate individually in the non-cooperative game,the proposed microgrid energy management system based on cooperative game theory is proven to possess the ability to promote the sharing of resources among different prosumers and bring higher economic value to all participants in the grid.Based on profits of all participants under different prosumers cooperation patterns,prosumer profit allocation strategies based on collation stability and Shapley value method are proposed respectively.