The Effects Of Different Landscape Types On Physical And Mental Health Of Patients With Esophageal And Gastrointestinal Cancer

The rapid development of urbanization posed a serious challenge to the health of residents.While at the same time,numerous studies had found the important role of natural landscape in improving human health and well-being.In the previous studies on landscape preference and the effect of landscape restoration,most of the participants were concentrated in visitors,students and groups with self-reported stress,but less attention had been paid to the study of cancer patients,as well as the role of time on the restorative effects.In order to make up for the deficiency of previous experiments,and considering the significant effect of malignant tumor on the death of urban residents in China,this study carried out indoor experiments based on the virtual reality(VR)the inclusion of patients with esophageal and gastrointestinal cancer as participants.The study regarded the self-rating depression level,the perceived resrotativeness,the positive and negative moods as the main psychological indicators,and the heart rate,blood pressure and Alpha brain waves as the main physiological indicators to explore the effects of the five types of landscapes on the cancer patients' preferences and psychophysiological restoration within different intervention times.The five landscapes included open green landscape,semi-open green landscape,closed green landscape,blue landscape and gray landscape.The results found that:(1)Blue landscape was the most popular type of landscape among the respondents,followed by green landscape(open green landscape,semi-open green landscape,closed green landscape)and the gray landscape was the least.(2)Compared with the gray landscape,the natural landscape space could be more beneficial to the decrease of self-reported pain level and negative mood,and the improvement of the perceived restorativeness and the positive mood.In the meantime,among the natural landscapes,the blue landscape showed more restorative potential in the being away,fascination,coherence,compatibility than the other natural landscape space,followed by the open green landscape,semi-open green landscape,and finally the closed green landscape.(3)Compared with the gray landscape,the natural landscapes were more inclined to reduce the heart rate,but had no restoration effect on the blood pressure.In addition,gray landscape was inclind to result in the reduction of relaxation,which was contrary to the founction of the natural landscapes.(4)There was no significant correlation between the landscape preference and the restoration of the physiological indicators,while the psychological indicators,including the perceived restorativeness and the positive and negative moods were significantly correlated to the landscape preference.(5)Repetitive interventions significantly reduced the self-rating depression level among the respondents.The respondents achieved the highest level of landscape preference and perceived restorativeness in the blue landscape with repetitive interventions,while the gray landscape was the opposite.In addition,the respondents got the best level of relaxation when they were exposed to nature three times a week.The study showed that the blue landscape and the open green landscape were not only popular among the respondents,but also beneficial to the physical and psychological restoration of them within long terms.Therefore,appropriate increase of water-based and open green space-based landscape could be promoted in the landscape design for the cancer patients in the future.It was encouraged for cancer patients to come into contact with natural landscape at a frequency of three times a week.In addition,it was suggested to increase the relevant research of other patients in the future,and put forward the conclusions with more general applicability.