Characteristics Of Young Divers’ Hazard Anticipation Ability And Its Influencing Factors

Hazard Anticipation is the driver’s ability to anticipate potential hazards in the road and know how they will develop while driving.Driver’s ability to anticipate danger is very important to ensure traffic safety.In previous studies on hazard anticipation,few researchers have paid attention to the hazard anticipation ability of young novice drivers,and it has not been confirmed whether the anticipation clues and video length have an effect on the hazard anticipation.Based on this,this study carried out the following three studies to explore the influencing factors of young drivers’ hazard anticipation.Study1 developed a test of hazard anticipate based on real traffic situation video.Using a single factor experimental design,36 videos of real traffic situations taken from the driver’s perspective were presented to young novice drivers(N=60)and young experienced drivers(N=60).By comparing and analyzing the three questions of the two groups of drivers on each test video(what is the danger? Where’s the danger? What happens next?)Average score and total score of the three questions resulted in the development of a driver’s hazard anticipation test that included 24 videos of real traffic situations.The internal consistency coefficient of the test was 0.89,and the overall classification accuracy for different drivers was 85.8%.Study 2 examined the effect of anticipatory cues on the ability of young drivers to anticipate hazard.On the basis of study 1,a two-factor hybrid experiment design 3(driving experience: learners,young novices and young experienced drivers)×2(anticipation cues: environmental prediction cues,behavioral prediction cues)was used.Examine the ability of learners(N=20),young novices(N=20),and young experienced drivers(N=20)to anticipate danger under different expected cues.The study found that young experienced drivers scored higher than the other two groups for either predictive cue.There were significant differences between novice and young novice drivers in environmental prediction cues,but not significant differences in behavioral prediction cues.Study 3 examined the effects of video length on the ability of young drivers to anticipate danger.On the basis of study 1,a two-factor hybrid experiment design 3(driving experience: learner,young novice and young experienced driver)×2(video length: long video,short video)was adopted.Examine the ability of learners(N=15),young learners(N=15),and young experienced drivers(N=15)to anticipate danger at different video lengths.The study found that young experienced drivers scored higher than the other two groups regardless of the length of the video.In the short video,the difference between beginners and young novice drivers was significant,while in the long video,the difference between the two was not significant.Through the above three studies,the following conclusions are drawn:First,the reliability,validity and discrimination of the developed driver’s hazard anticipation test are good,which can be used as an effective tool to measure the hazard anticipation ability of young novice drivers in China.Second,the hazard anticipation of young drivers has the advantage of driving experience.Compared with behavioral predictive cues,environmental predictive cues can better distinguish the differences in the ability to anticipate dangers between beginners,young novices and young experienced drivers.Third,young drivers respond faster to dangers in long videos than short videos.Compared with long videos,short videos can better distinguish the ability of beginners,young novices and young experienced drivers in dangerous expectations.