The Effect Of BBTV Infection On Morphological Structure And Genome Of Banana Chloroplast

Bunchy top disease caused by banana bunchy top virus(BBTV)is a crucial viral disease for bananas.Discovered in Fiji in 1889,BBTV then spread to other countries and oversea regions.Since 20th century,Bunchy top disease has become one of the major inhibitions on banana growth and proposed 25%of the banana production areas worldwide,mainly covering Asia,Africa and the South Pacific.As such,to recognize,control and prevent the prevalence of viral diseases effectively,In this paper,transmission electron microscopy and molecular biology techniques are used to research the influence on plant chloroplasts from virus.In this project,we combined using a transmission electron microscopy and molecular biology techniques to compare the ultrastructure of banana petioles with BBTV and health controls,and thereby deeply understanding the role of virus in infecting host plants.Furthermore,we utilized molecular biology methods to detect the chloroplast genome sequences of banana leaves with BBTV and health controls,A whole-genome sequence data analysis and gene annotation were then performed to investigate the genetic variation of banana chloroplast associated with the target disease.In addition,our study also measured the chloroplast gene copies of banana leaves with BBTV and health controls via relative quantitative real-time PCR to lay a foundation on future studies.Our study firstly showed significant changes of chloroplast shape and form in banana petioles with BBTV compared to the health controls:the chloroplast membrane was severely damaged,grana lamellae swelled and turned to vacuolization,and chloroplast stroma arranged sparsely.Secondly,although substantial difference had been observed between banana plants with BBTV and the health wild-type plan,no significantly difference were identified between their genetics.However,this finding is required further study to replicate and confirm due to the lacking evidence on initial chloroplast characteristics like broken extent,and modification details.Thirdly,compared with health controls,a significant increase of the chloroplast gene copies was observed in banana petiole;in reverse,such gene copies experienced a significant drop in banana leaves.However,the mechanisms underlying these findings are still not clear and need further study.