Experimental Research On Machanization Of Straw Mulching Technology In The Dwarf Apple Orchard

At present,our country actively introducing foreign dwarf apple intensive planting technology,focus on the transition and upgrade of domestic apple industry.But specific to Weibei Rainfed Highland where is the important production area of superior quality apple in our country,it has seasonal rainless problem,the new grass mulching technology which was introduced with intensive planting technology cannot totally adapt to the local environment.In addition,the soil organic matter content of Weibei apple production area is generally low,only about 1.0%,soil fertility is far lower than Europe and America country soil.Therefore,aiming at these problems,the study of more effective soil water-saving,improve soil comprehensive fertility methods are in urgent need.Because of its particular soil effect,straw has been widely used in agricultural production.As the major grain producing areas,Weibei Rainfed Highland has lots of discard crops straw can be used to orchard straw mulching.But so far,there is no orchard machanization techniques and equipment of straw mulching both domestic and abroad.Therefore,the research of mechanization technology of straw mulching in dwarf orchard has important theoretical value and application prospect.This experiments adopts the Box-Benhnken-Design(BBD)experiment design scheme of response surface method and L9(34)orthogonal experiment scheme,carry out the thin soil-straw Layered mulching experiment,Straw rotary-mixing experiment,Grass mulching experiment and Tillage experiment four experiments in the dwarf apple orchards,analyzes the changes of parameters of soil under four mulching patterns,reaearch the straw length,straw mulching thickness and the soil layer thickness’ influence and law on soil physical and chemical parameters systematically.The best parameters of layered mulching in the orchard were determined,gives the key parameters of mechanization equipment design of straw mulching in dwarf apple orchard.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Under the condition of straw Layered mulching,the soil moisture content is higher than other mulching patterns.Especially in the dry season,soil moisture content maintains about 17% under the condition of Layered mulching,soil moisture content low to 14~15% under the condition of Straw rotary mixing and Grass mulching,Tillage has the minimum soil moisture content is 13.5%.layered mulching soil moisture content changing with time is the most gentle of all the patterns,straw layer showed a good moisture maintaining effect.(2)Under the condition of Layered mulching conditions,soil daytime temperature change is the most gentle.Under the condition of high temperature season of layered mulching,soil surface temperature difference between two time points at 8:00 and 14:00 is 1.5~2℃,under the condition of Straw rotary mixing and Grass mulching,temperature difference is 2.5~3℃,whereas under the condition of Tillage temperature difference is 4~5℃.straw layer showed obvious "calm geothermal" effect.(3)Layered mulching pattern appears the biggest increase on soil organic matter content,the soil organic matter content increased by 0.14%.Under the Straw rotary mixing condition,the increase of soil organic matter content is slightly lower than the Layered mulching about 0.06%,the soil organic matter content of Tillage and Grass mulching is reduced by 0.07%.(4)After autumn,which is the weeds exuberant growth period,the Shannon diversity index and Margalef species richness index of Layered mulching were 0.2923,0.3107,below Tillage 0.4408,0.3612,Straw rotary mixing is 0.4562,0.4724,and grass covering is 0.6194,0.7391.All the mulching patterns show the same rule in Spring,Layer mulching showed good grass suppression effect.(5)Based on the Design of Expert software make response surface analysis,orthogonal experiment Range Method analysis on the soil various parameters,using TOPSIS based on coefficient of variation of weight method to calculate the optimal solution parameters weights to determine the best mulching.The best mulching is: the soil thickness is 3cm,straw length is 3cm and the straw thickness is 12 cm.(6)According to the experiment research,the key parameters of straw mulching machine designation and orchard mechanization operation were determined.Straw mulching quantity is 943~1084 kg/667m2,soil mulching quantity is 35m3/667m2.Design mulching machine overall size is 4m×2m×2.3m;Set the discharging mouth width is 1.8m.Set the machine walking speed is 1.5km/h.Recommend the first mulching in September each year,the second mulching period is 180 d.This experimental research for the mechanization of straw mulching in dwarf apple orchard provides a theoretical basis and technical support.