Study On The Relationship Between Berry Quality And Size Of Wine Grape From Different Wine-growing Regions

In this study,Cabernet Sauvignon,Merlot,Cabernet Gernischt and Chardonnay were sampled from Yantai of Shandong,Jingyang of Shaanxi,Yuquanying of Ningxia,Shangri-La of Yunnan,and Wujiaqu of Sinkiang,and classified to three degrees according to berry size.The distribution,characteristic,quality and phenolic component of each degree berries were detected and the comprehensive evaluations of grape quality were achieved using principal component analysis.The aim of this study was to select berry size range with best quality for the main variety of each region and provide theoretical and experimental basis for berry selection process of high quality winemaking.The main conclusions were as follows:(1)Berry size distributions of tested varieties were asymmetric normal distribution,medium berries hold the higher ratio for most varieties,and only a small part of the varieties showed higher proportion of small berries.For most varieties,skin/fruit mass ratio increased as berry size decreased,and there was no significant correlation between seed/fruit mass ratio and berry size.The number of seeds per berry and and mass of single seed reduced with berry size decreased.(2)Small berries of tested varieties generally had higher sugar content,and large and medium berries had higher acid content.Total phenolics,total anthocyanins,tannin content were greatly influenced by varieties,regions and especially by vintages.Small berries of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot had higher total phenolic content,but large and medium berries of Cabernet Gernischt and Chardonnay had a higher content.The total anthocyanin content was higher in small and medium berries for all tested varieties but tannins content was higher in large and medium berries.(3)Nine anthocyanin individuals were detected in tested varieties,and the total content differed signigicantly between varieties.Small berries of Cabernet Sauvignon had higher content of anthocyanin individuals,but for Merlot,small and medium berries content were higher,and for Cabernet Gernischt,the higher content was detected in large and medium berries.(4)Compositions and contents of non-anthocyanin phenolics for all tested varieties were effected by varietes and regions.For Cabernet Sauvignon,small berries had the highestnon-anthocyanin phenolic content in Yuquanying of Ningxia and Wujiaqu of Sinkiang,but in other three regions the highest contents were showed in big berreis.For Merlot,big berries had the highest content in Shangri-La of Yunnan,but in Yuquanying of Ningxia and Wujiaqu of Sinkiang,the medium berries had the highest content.For Cabernet Gernischt,the highest content was showed in the large berries in Yantai of Shandong and Yuquanying of Ningxia.For Chardonnay,small berries had the highest content in Yuquanying of Ningxia but medium berries had the highest content in Yantai of Shandong,Wujiaqu of Sinkiang and Shangri-La of Yunnan.(5)The better comprehensive quality for all tested varieties were showed in Yuquanying,Ningxia and Shangri-La,Yunnan.For Cabernet Sauvignon,large berries(D > 14 mm)in Shangri-La of Yunnan,Yantai of Shandong and Yuquanying of Ningxia presented the best quality,while small berries(D < 12 mm)in Jingyang of Shaanxi and Wujiaqu of Sinkiang region presented the best quality.For Merlot,small berries(D < 12 mm)in Wujiaqu of Sinkiang and Yuquanying of Ningxia presented the best quality,and medium berries(D12mm~14 mm)in Shangri-La of Yunnan presented the best quality.For Gernischet,large and medium berries(D 14mm~15 mm,and > 15 mm)in Jingyang of Shaanxi presented best quality,medium berries(D 14 mm~15 mm)in Yuquanying of Ningxia presented best quality,large berries(D > 15 mm)in Yantai of Shandong presented best quality.For Chardonnay,small berries(D < 12 mm)in Shangri-La of Yunnan and Yantai of Shandong presented best quality,and medium berries(D 12 mm~14 mm)in Yuquanying of Ningxia presented best quality,large berries(D > 14 mm)in Wujiaqu of Sinkiang presented best quality.