Genetic Diversity Analysis Of Apis Cerana Cerana From Chongqing

During a long-term evolution process,Apis cerana cerana has adapted to various ecological environment in China and formed local genetic characteristics.496 workers of Apis cerana cerana collected from 8 locations of Chongqing were studied on the genetic diversity and genetic structure to research the genetic resources in Chongqing,using tRNAleu-CO? of mitochondrial DNA and 34 microsatellite DNA markers.The results show that Chongqing possess rich genetic resources of Apis cerana cerana,which manifested in medium level of genetic diversity in terms of microsatellites and mitochondrial haplotypes,and high haplotype diversity.All samples were different from each other in genetic structure of microsatellites and mitochondrial haplotypes,especially Wanzhou and Chengkou samples displayed unique structures.(1)Genetic diversity and genetic structure of microsatellite DNAThree to twenty-three alleles per each locus and a total of three hundred alleles were detected across 34 microsatellite loci.An average of 4.9?6.1 alleles,the observed heterozygosity 0.3876?0.4278 and expected heterozygosity 0.4197?0.4660,and polymorphism information content 0.3915?0.4356 across 34 loci showed Chongqing Apis cerana cerana samples a medium level of genetic diversity.A dominated allele with a frequency of 20%?100%on 29?33 loci were detected among all samples,the frequency of the main alleles on 21?23 loci is above 50%.2?4 alleles showed similar frequency at 1?5 loci,with a frequency of 14%?64%in all samples from Chongqing.The unique alleles with a frequency of 1%?10%are detected on 2?13 loci of 8 samples in Chongqing.(2)Genetic diversity and structure of mt DNA haplotypeFourteen-two haplotypes were detected in Chongqing honeybee samples,among which 23 haplotypes are newly found.There are 25 haplotypes are specific to one of the 8 samples.27 variation sites belonging to 4 variation types were detected.Haplotype diversity was 0.434?0.770,and the average nucleotide difference and nucleotide diversity were 0.519?1.418 and 0.00404?0.00147,respectively.There were 7?14 haplotypes in each sample,and 5?9 haplotypes with a frenqucy of 1%?75%were detected in at least two of the 8 samples.The major haplotype H01 were detected in all Chongqing samples with of a frequency of 32%?75%,except Rongchang samples in which H02,H04 and H01 were mainly found with a frequency of 28%,26%and 15%,respectively.In addition,1?5 unique haplotypes whose frequency range is 1%?28%were detected in each sample.This study is an important part of research on honeybee resources,and is an in-depth study for genetic resources of Apis cerana cerana in Chongqing.It helps grasp the status of genetic resources and provide the foundation for preserving and utilization program of Apis cerana cerana in Chongqing.