| The community characteristics of soil ciliate in three ecological restoration sites of different plants and different years(A,B,C)and one control site(CK)of Mayanhe township in Hui County of Longnan City,Gansu Province were studied by using non-flooded Petri dishmethod,observation in vivo and directing-culture countingfrom June of 2015 to February of 2016.At the same time,the plant community parameters(species number,individual number,coverage)and physical and chemical factors of soil(including pH value,soil temperature,soil water content,soil porosity,specific conductance,content of available phosphorus,available potassium,available nitrogen,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium and organic matter)in different sampling sites were measured,and the correlation between community character parameters of soil ciliate and physical and chemical factors of soil was conducted for analysis and discussion,the research results are as following:(1)After the implementation of the returning farmland to forest,the physical and chemical factors of soil had some changes,the soil water content,soil porosity,specific conductance,total nitrogen and organic matter were significantly increased.Changes of the rest of soil physical and chemical factors were not obvious.(2)A total of 107 plants were identified in this study,including herbs 88 species,belonging to 2 phyla,3 classes,27 orders,35 families and 75 genera,and woody plants 19 species,belonging to 2 phyla,3 classes,10 orders,14 families and 18 genera.The order of the plant diversity index and evenness index were: mingled forest(C)>pure forest(A)>pure forest(B).And the dominance index was contrary to it.(3)A total of 127 soil ciliate species were identified in this study,belonging to 9 classes,18 orders,28 families and 47 genera.(4)The result of cluster analysis to the distribution of soil ciliate species in ecological restoration sites and the control site showed that three ecological restoration sites were classified into the same cluster,the control site was classified the other cluster,that means the distribution of soil ciliate species in ecological restoration sites and the control site had differences.After the implementation of formland to forest,the species of soil ciliate was increased,the diversity of soil ciliates was significantly increased,the dominance was significantly decreased.The dominant group of soil ciliates gradually changed from Colpodida to Sporadotrichina,soil ciliate community's succession happened significantly.(5)The correlation analysis showed species number of soil ciliates had a significant positive correlation with water content,total nitrogen,organic matter and specific conductance,and it had a significant negative correlation with total potassium and had an obvious negative correlation with pH value.Density of soil ciliates had a significant positive correlation with water content,total nitrogen,organic matter and specific conductance,and it had an obvious positive correlation with soil porosity.Furthermore,it had an obvious negative correlation with total potassium and pH value.Diversity index of soil ciliates species had a significant positive correlation with water content,total nitrogen,organic matter and specific conductance,and it had an obvious negative correlation with total potassium.Dominance index of soil ciliates species had a significant negative correlation with water content,total nitrogen,organic matter and specific conductance,and it had an obvious positive correlation with total potassium.Evenness index of soil ciliates species had no obvious correlation with physical and chemical factors of soil.(6)The correlation analysis between community character parameters of soil ciliates and plants indicated that the complexity of ciliate community is closely associated with the plants.(7)The results of redundancy analysis showing that specific conductance was the dominant position in the order axis 1.Soil water content and organic matter were the dominant position in the order axis 2.That is to say,organic matter,specific conductance and soil water content had biggest influence to soil ciliate community.(8)After returning farmland to forest,plants gradually recovered,and soil physical and chemical factors changed.The soil ciliates community had a positive response to the ecological restoration of returning farmland to forest.In the process of returning farmland to forest,mingled forest tree species in forest restoration effect is better than pure forest,more conducive to the recovery of ecological environment. |
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