Improvement And Application Of Dog Food Attractant Prepared With Chicken By Enzymatic Hydrolysis Reaction And Thermal Reaction

Dog food attractant is a kind of non-nutritive additive,which was produced according to the dog's Feeding habit and food intake.It is specially designed to improve dog food palatability,to lure the dog's appetite,to increase the dog's food intake and feed efficiency.Pet food industry started relatively early and quickly developed in European and American countries.Pet food types were various and complete,the technics of producing pet food was advanced,the industry scale was gradually enlarged,and the study of dog food attractant prepared was more.While domestic researches on dog food attractant were relatively more few.In this paper,chicken breast meat chosen were hydrolyzed by enzyme and then treated with thermal reaction to prepare dog food attractant.Through a series of one-way and orthogonal experiments,the best conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis and the basic formula and technological conditions of Maillard reaction were studied and improved.Finally it was conducted to study the effect of dog food attractant with chicken-homemade flavor applied in dog food.The main research contents and results are as follows:Experiment 1.Optimization technological conditions of chicken enzymatic hydrolysisIn this experiment,chicken breast meat chosen were respectively hydrolyzed by papain,neutrase,flavourzyme,animal protein enzyme and their compound enzymes.Degree of hydrolysis as evaluating index,considering the condition of hydrolysate flavor and clarification,the various protease hydrolysis rate and degree of hydrolysis eventually were compared.By comparing the effect of hydrolysis,the complex of animal protein enzyme and papain were selected as the optimal enzyme.It were studied the effects of the enzyme ratio,the total enzyme quantity,the substrate solid-liquid ratio,the temperature,the pH value and the time factors on chicken hydrolyzed by compound enzymes.The results showed that the optimal hydrolysis conditions of compound enzymes were as follows:the optimal complex enzyme ratio of animal protein enzyme and papain is 1:1(M:M);the total enzyme adding is at 0.2%;the substrate solid-liquid ratio is 1:2(M:V);the optimal reaction temperature,starting pH value,and digestion time are respectively 60?,6.0,and 4 hours.In this condition,the degree of hydrolysis(DH)can achieve 30.45%after hydrolyzing 4 hours.Experiment 2.Optimization formulations and conditions of dog food attractant prepared with thermal reactionIn this experiment,chicken enzymatic hydrolysis,xylose and L-cysteine hydrochloride were selected as raw materials for the Maillard reaction.Firstly it were studied the effects of temperature,time,and pH value on the flavor of maillard reaction product.On the base of this study results,the formula was optimized by adding Thiamine and chicken fat,and the thermal reaction products were in sensory evaluated using a way of brief description,Friedman sorting test and acceptance test.Through orthogonal test,the optimal formula and technological conditions of thermal reaction were elected to prepare dog food attractant,which are 50 mL of chicken hydrolyzate digested for 4 hours,xylose 2.0 g,L-cysteine hydrochloride 0.5 g,thiamine(VB1)0.3 g,chicken fat 3.0 g,reaction temperature 115?,pH value 5.0,and thermal reaction time 40 minutes.Under optimal conditions,preparing the liquid attractant was adjusted to the paste product by further.This dog food attractant product has characteristics with perfect flavor and rich and prominent chicken smell,without sulfur odor and other odors,and with long fragrance retention.Experiment 3.Evaluation application effect of homemade dog food attractantIn this experiment,the effect of homemade chicken flavor dog food attractant was evaluated by animal palatability experiment.8 healthy only 6 months of Chinese rural dog dog is selected,each of four male female,weight is about 10 kg,feeding experiment was carried out.The results of single bowl test showed that dog food attractant added 3%could improve the feed intake ratio which achieving more than 80%,Without adding attractant base of dog feed intake ratio is only about 60%.Furthermore,the first choice test and the two bowls test indicated that dogs prefer homemade dog food attractant with chicken flavor.But there were not significant differences between feed intake of the homemade and the commercial dog food attractant.The consumption rate of the dog basal diet with homemade attractant could reach more than 90%,and the dog took food continuously better.The commercial dog food with homemade attractant could improve the palatability and consumption ratio of dog food,and the consumption ratio could maintain about 70%.This suggested that homemade dog food attractant appropriate addition to the dog food has a better application effect.