| With the continuous development of agricultural science and technology and the continuous improvement of ecological and environmental awareness in China,the rational use of crop straw has become an important part of China's efficient and sustainable agriculture.Straw return to field has increased the content of organic matter in soil and it can be significantly reduced with suitable farming methods Soil mass quality,improve soil ventilation,improve soil aggregate stability,improve crop growth environment,and improve the quality of seeding corn seedling,seedling to achieve the purpose of raising crop yield.Because the land plots are small in the hilly area of the hilly area and the early stage of agricultural production,the soil barren and set to make the main and it's low effect so use straw.The experiment was carried out in Xianjian Country,Hexiang Town,Zhongjiang County,Deyang City,Sichuan from March 2015 to November 2016.The paper adopted two factor randomized block experiment to study the impact of straw application and tillage method on the physical property of mechanical sowing corn soil,planting quality,carbon pool management,dry matter accumulation distribution and yield.1 Effect of straw application method on physical property of soilStraw application can reduce the soil bulk density obviously and increase the capillary porosity of soil.Compared with straw not returned to the field,the straw application increases the capillary porosity of 0-10cm soil layer in the jointing stage and water content of soil at non-tillage processing 0-10cm growth stage.The tillage method of soil also affects soil bulk density and capillary porosity of soil.On the condition of returning the wheat straw to the field,rotary tillage reduces the 0-10cm soil bulk density by 7.5%?12.7%than non-tillage processing and enhances the capillary porosity of soil obviously.The experiment draws a conclusion that rotary tillage of straw application could reduce soil bulk density and increase capillary porosity of soil effectively.2 Effect of straw application method on the planting quality and seedling quality of mechanical sowing cornStraw application also reduces the planting quality and seedling quality of mechanical sowing corn.Compared with non-tillage,the rotary tillage processing enhances the seedling emergency rate by 20%,and reduces length of seedling,area of leaf and uniformity of planting by 24.6%,33.1%and 132.8%respectively.On the condition of returning the straw to the field,the rotary tillage increases the seedling emergency rate by 50%than non-tillage processing.Corb emergency rate is significantly positive correlated with water content of 0-10cm soil and the evenness of planting and uniformity of seedling are negatively correlated with the 0-10cm soil bulk density.It indicates that rotary tillage on the condition of returning straw to the field improves the soil3 Effect of straw application method on carbon pool of soilStraw application also increases the organic carbon content of soil.Organic carbon non-tillage returning to the field in 0?10cm and 10?20cm soil at corn maturity stage in 2016 was enhanced by 21.9%and 17.6%than non-tillage without returning to the field and rotary tillage returning to the field was enhanced by 23.1%and 15.9%than the rotary tillage without returning to the field.Compared with straw without returning to the field,the activated organic carbon content of 0?10cm and 10?20cm soil on the condition of straw returning to the field at the corn maturity stage in 2015 was enhanced by 40.5%and 17.5%respectively and in 2016 was enhanced by 70.0%and 16.0%.In addition,straw application enhances activity of soil carbon pool(A),activity index(AI),carbon pool index(CPI)and carbon pool management index(CPMI).Non-tillage processing enhanced the activity of soil carbon pool,activity index,carbon pool management index.Compared with rotary tillage processing,the activity of carbon pool under non-tillage processing 0?10cm and 10?20cm soil layer was enhanced by 15.7%and 28.9%and carbon pool management index was enhanced by 12.5%and 46.6%.4 Effect of straw application method on corn growth and yieldStraw application and tillage method have significant impact on corn growth and yield.In 2015,the yield of straw application at maturity stage on the condition of rotary tillage processing was 5538.1 kg/hm2.In 2016,the rotary tillage processing yield was enhanced by 2143.74 kg/hm2.In 2016,the stem height and diameter of corn under rotary tillage returning to the field rose by 9.92%and 6.92%than non-tillage processing and that under rotary tillage rose by 16.77%and 8.47%than that under non-tillage processing.The dry matter accumulation under straw returning to the field(RTS and NTS)was 4.5%?24.35%higher than straw without retuning to the field(RT and NT).In 2016,the dry matter weight of female spike at corn maturity stage accounted for 48%?58%of total dry weight.Hereinto,rotary tillage processing of straw returning to the field accounted for the highest proportion and reached 58%.Other processing methods behaved that non-tillage returning to the field>rotary tillage>non-tillage.It indicated that wheat straw application was good for dry matter accumulation at the earlier growth stage of the later corn and dry matter distribution at later growth stage.In addition,straw application reduced the length of bare tip and enhanced corncob length,diameter,particle,hundred-gram weight and yield.The average corncob on the condition of straw returning to the field increased by 0.73%than that without returning to the field,the average length of bare tip reduced by 0.5cm,the hundred-particle weight increased by 8%and final yield increased by 12.2%.Compared with non-tillage processing,the corncob length under rotary tillage processing increased by 0.9cm,average length of bare tip reduced by 0.6cm,hundred-particle weight increased by 6.9%and the final yield increased by 19.2%.Among them,the yield of rotary tillage with straw returning to the field was highest. |
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