Effect Of Low Temperature Treated Wheat Germinating Seeds On Growth Period And Yield Under Early Sowing Condition

With the development of human society,more and more wheat is needed.How to improve the yield of wheat is an important research direction for wheat researchers.The main wheat planting mode in Sichuan basin is planting alternatively between rice and wheat once a year,and the harvest time of rice is from the end of August to the beginning of September,meanwhile,the sowing time of wheat is from the end of October to the beginning of November.Therefore,the farmland will be in a free time for nearly two months,which cannot make full use of luminous energy,thermal energy,and rainfall.Based on above,it have been more than ten years to breed some new early-sowing and early-maturing type wheat lines which could be sowed in the middle of October.However,in the course of breeding,it was found that some varieties(strains)were still in the late heading stage,and did not reach the effect of early sowing and early maturing.In order to advance the heading time of the later lines,the method of low temperature treatment of germinating seeds was carried out during two growth seasons from 2014 to 2016.The purpose of the experiment is(1)to explore effects of low temperature treatment on growth and yield of different wheat varieties.(2)In the process of breeding,this method is combined with the traditional way of genetic breeding to select a sensitive variety for this treatment.The Significance of the experiment is(1)to explore the effect of low temperature treatment on yield components of wheat.(2)To provide new idea of breeding and promotion for the new varieties with higher yield potential.Materials and methods are as follows.In this study,Select GZ25,31966,TZ3425,R801,R802,P177,20828-11,Q35,Chuannong 27 and Chuanchong of these 10 varieties(strains)for the first year of the experiment.These materials were divided into 2 groups with low temperature treatment and untreated in October 15th(early sowing condition).And the low temperature treatment time is seven days.The varieties(lines)were eliminated when the heading time was too early or too late.To choose varieties with suitable heading time and higher yield(lines)Carrying out second year experiment.Periodic investigation of the difference between treatment and control which wheat leaf and the dynamic growth of the seedlings.And determine the effective panicle number,grain number per spike,1000 grain weight and yield between treatment and control.These all above results are as follows.1.In the first year of the experiment,the heading time of Chuannong 27 was January 29th while the not processed was February 1th.The heading time of Chuanchong was February 1st while the not processed was February 6th.While the heading time of P177 and 20828-11 was in suitable,the final yield was relatively low.Q35 was not sensitive to low temperature treatment.So select these varieties that their heading time was around March 15th and had higher yield.Finally we select GZ25?31966?TZ3423?8801?8802 and Zhoumai22 to do second year experiment.2.The number of total leaves on the main stem is not influenced by low temperature treatment.For the same variety(lines),the leaf age of processed material treated by low temperature was larger than control group.3.Low temperature treatment had no effect on ear number per unit area.There was no significant difference in panicle number per plant.Low temperature treatment had no significant effect on grain number per ear,and there was no significant difference in grain number per panicle.And The size of 1000 grain weight was increased by low temperature treatment.4.Low temperature treatment had a certain effect on yield,in a single variety,the yield of R801 treatment was increased by 6.9%,the yield of R802 was increased by 1.4%,the yield of TZ3425 was increased by 5.5%,the yield of GZ25 was increased by 3.1%,and the yield of Zhoumai22 was increased by up to 12.7%.Overall,the total yield of all varieties increased,the overall yield increased by 4.1%.5.The effects of treatments on yield components were different,and there was no significant difference in panicle number per unit area,and there was no significant difference in grain number per panicle,and there was significant difference in grain weight per 1000 grain weight.In conclusion:Under the condition of early sowing(sowing in October 15th),the germination of wheat seeds at low temperature had a promoting effect on wheat heading,and the yield was improved.This increase in production is considered to be the effect of the whole growth period.With the advance of heading time,the filling time increased,the grain weight increased significantly,and the yield was increased;This effect is more obvious for the winter varieties.Therefore,it is feasible to improve the yield potential of Wheat Varieties in Sichuan basin by means of low temperature treatment.