Effect Of Bioorganic Fertilizer Application On Biological Activity And Yield And Quality Of Rape In Different Soils

Based on homemade bioorganic fertilizer,reclamation soil in Pingshuo outdoor mining area and cultivated soil of Taigu county as test objects,pot experiments were adopted to study the influences of homemade bioorganic fertilizer and combined fertilizer application on growth of rape in different soils,soil nutrients and microbial community structure.It came to the following conclusions from the research results:(1)Each fertilization treatment could increase chlorophyll,reducing sugar and output of rape growing in reclamation soil and cultivated soil during harvest time.Single application of chemical fertilizer could not achieve an effect as good as that for bioorganic fertilizer and combined application of chemical fertilizers.The chlorophyll contents of rape growing in reclamation soil and cultivated soil respectively achieved the maximum values of 16.74mg/g and 19.52mg/g by applying FHS2(chemical fertilizer + 1%biological fertilizer)and GHS3(chemical fertilizer + 2%biological fertilizer);the reducing sugar contents of rape respectively reached the maximum values of 0.71mg/g and 0.84mg/g by applying FHS3(chemical fertilizer+2%biological fertilizer)and GHS3;the outputs of rape respectively reached the maximum values of 4.73g/plant and 8.03g/plant by applying FHS3 and GHS3,higher than that for single application of chemical fertilizer by 30.6%and 57.6%.(2)Single application of chemical fertilizer could not exert significant influences on the content of microbial biomass carbon contained in reclamation soil and cultivated soil,indicating that application of chemical fertilizer made no difference for the content of microbial biomass carbon in soil.Meanwhile,bioorganic fertilizer and combined application of chemical fertilizers could remarkably increase the content of microbial biomass carbon in soil,which failed to significantly reveal by applying GHS2(chemical fertilizer+1%biological fertilizer)and GHS3 for reclamation soil.Reclamation soil and cultivated soil respectively achieved the maximum values of 97.2mg/kg and 146.4mg/kg in the content of microbial biomass carbon by applying FHS3 and GHS2.Each fertilization treatment could significantly increase the microbial biomass nitrogen contents in reclamation soil and cultivated soil.Bioorganic fertilizer and combined applications of chemical fertilizers could ensure more obvious effect than that for single application of chemical fertilizer.With equal fertilization level,reclamation soil could present a more significant effect than that for cultivated soil.Reclamation soil reached its maximum value of 7.21mg/kg by applying FHS3 while cultivated soil achieved its maximum value of 12.67mg/kg by adopting GHS3.(3)Each fertilization treatment could increase the bacteria PLFA content,ratio between bacteria and fungus,ratio between G+ and G-(gram positive bacteria/gram negative bacteria),and actinomycetes content.Application of bioorganic fertilizer and combined application of chemical fertilizers could have more significant influences than that for single application of chemical fertilizer.The bacteria PLFA content of reclamation soil achieved its maximum value of 0.128?g/g by applying FHS3,higher than that for FH(chemical fertilizer)fertilization by 118.2%.PLFA content of cultivated soil achieved its maximum value of 0.375?g/g by applying GHS3,higher than FH fertilization by 70.3%.PLFA ratio between bacteria and fungus of reclamation soil reached its maximum value of 4.15 by applying FHS3.Cultivated soil achieved its maximum value of 5.08 for PLFA ratio between bacteria and fungus by applying GHS3,without significant difference with that for GHS2.The ratio between G+ and G-for reclamation soil and cultivated soil respectively reached the maximum values of 1.33 and 2.29 by applying FHS3 and GHS3.Reclamation soil and cultivated soil reached the maximum values of 0.02 and 0.06?g/g for the content of actinomycetes by applying FHS3 and GHS3.Single application of chemical fertilizer could remarkably increase the total microorganism PLFA amount,G+ content,and G-content for reclamation soil.While it failed to greatly affect cultivated soil.Application of bioorganic fertilizer and combined application of chemical fertilizers could obviously raise the total microorganism PLFA amount,G+ content,and G-content for both reclamation soil and cultivated soil.Reclamation soil and cultivated soil respectively reached the maximum values of 4.99?g/g and 8.65 ?g/g by applying FHS3 and GHS3.Reclamation soil and cultivated soil respectively reached the maximum values of 0.049 and 0.209?g/g for G+ and PLFA content by applying FHS3 and GHS3.Reclamation soil and cultivated soil respectively reached the maximum values of 0.037and 0.091?g/g for G-content by applying FHS3 and GHS3.Chemical fertilizers failed to exert significant influences on reclamation soil and cultivated soil in terms of PLFA content while bioorganic fertilizer and combined application of chemical fertilizers could increase the PLFA content of soil fungus,respectively achieving the maximum by applying FHS3 and GHS3.(4)As to reclamation soil and cultivated soil,their soil urease activities,sucrose activities,and phosphatase activities are lower during the middle period than that during the harvest period.Meanwhile,single application of chemical fertilizer would exert less significant influences on these two types of soil than that for applications of bioorganic fertilizer and combined applications of chemical fertilizers.The urease activities for reclamation soil during the middle period as a result of each fertilization treatment would not greatly differ with each other.While urease activities during the harvest period arising from each fertilization treatment would be remarkably increased,achieving the maximum value by applying FHS2.The sucrose activities for both reclamation soil and cultivated soil during the middle and harvest periods differ greatly with each other,reaching the maximum value during the middle period by applying FHS3 and GHS3 and during the harvest period by applying FHS3 and GHS3.The phosphatase activities for reclamation soil and cultivated soil respectively achieved the maximum values by applying FHS3 and GHS3 during the harvest period.(5)The contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen,available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium varied more greatly in reclamation soil than in cultivated soil.Single application of chemical fertilizer failed to exert remarkable influences on the contents of organic matters for both reclamation soil and cultivated soil.While it had significant impacts on the contents of total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen,available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium,less than that for bioorganic fertilizer and combined application of chemical fertilizers.The contents of organic matters for reclamation soil and cultivated soil respectively achieved the maximum values of 8.66g/kg and 40.4g/kg by applying FHS3 and GHS3.The contents of total nitrogen for reclamation soil and cultivated soil achieved the maximum values respectively by applying FHS3and GHS3.The contents of alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen,available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium for reclamation soil and cultivated soil during the middle and harvest periods achieved the maximum values respectively by applying FHS3 and GHS3.The contents of available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium for cultivated soil during the harvest period did not witness obvious differences by applying GHS2 and GHS3.(6)It comprehensively came to a conclusion that different fertilization treatments would exert influences on soil in terms of soil microorganism,nutrient,crop output and quality to varying degrees,generally revealing that bioorganic fertilizer and combined application of chemical fertilizers could achieve the best results.However,with the increase of fertilization amount,the increase for each indicator of soil would see a decline.Therefore,considering from perspectives of economic benefits and effects,FHS2 and GHS2,which could save the cost,improve the soil quality,raise the crop output and quality,presented the best performance.