Study On The Interspecific Hybridization Affinity And Pollen Preservation Of Early Fruiting Walnut And The Quality Of The Progenies Of Different Walnut Cultivars In Sichuan

Walnut(Juglandaceae)Hu Taoshu(Juglans L.)plants,is one of the world's four famous nuts(walnuts,hazelnuts,cashews,almonds),widely cultivated in temperate regions of the world.At present,China is the harvest area and yield of walnut cultivation are,the largest country in the world,and Sichuan is one of the major provinces of the China walnut yield,the yield of walnut after Yunnan and ranked second in the country.Sichuan walnut development in the past has been restricted to the breeding of good and no local adaptation of early fruit varieties in Sichuan Chongqing region of high temperature and high humidity,but with the chuanzao series of walnut varieties breeding success,to provide greater potential for Sichuan and even the development of Walnut in Sichuan and chongqing.Because of the characteristics of the walnut has monoecism different cooked,so the pollination tree configuration for walnut production is very important.The object of study is the main several walnut varieties that is 4 year grafted nursery in Jingtang Chengdu county.A systematic study was conducted on the selection of the most suitable pollination tree for Chuanzao walnut,through observating male and female florescence,keeping pollen methon and determinating viability,detecting female stigma,pollinating experiment and determinating quality of childish nut.It will provide the effective theory to take action to keep pollen in the diffrent storage conditions and pollinate in the next year.At the same time,the artificial control pollination experiment was carried out to select a reasonable pollination tree for the Chuanzao walnut.Determinating quality of childish nut,in order to provide the basis for walnut variety improvement.The main results are as follows:The flowering date of 'chuanzao 1' and 'shuangzao' are basically the same,and the flowering stage of 'shuangzao','zaofeng' and 'shuling' show that the male flower is earlier than the female flower.The 5 varieties were covered by the male and female flowering period,and the varieties could be pollinated.Male flowers blooming flowering duration is 3-7 days,'chuanzao 1' male peak period of a minimum of 3 days,the 'shuangzao'flowering the longest flowering for 7 days;female flowers blooming flowering duration is 3-8 days,'shuangzao' female stage for the shortest 3 days 'chuanzao 1' the longest flowering flowering for 8 days.For 'chuanzao 1' and 'chuanzao 2' and 'zaofeng' and 'shuling' and 'shuangzao',the 5 kinds of pollen viability keeping dry are longer than the not dry environment.When is the different temperature,it shows-4?>4?>room temperature.The pollens of 5 varieties of 360d at the temperature of-4? and dry storage of were all active,which were respectively 13.6%,16.6%,14.6%,15.3%and 6.3%.The pollens of 5 varieties of 360d at the temperature of-4? and no dry storage of were all active,which were respectively 9.6%,1.3%,6.3%,9.3%and 7.6%.In-4? and no dry preserved pollen viability can meet the production practice in collecting pollen to the next year artificial pollination.By using benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method to 3 varieties 'chuanzao 1' and 'chuanzao 2' and'shuangzao' early flowering stigma receptivity detection,a day before the 3 varieties flower had the stigma receptivity,but lower.The stigma receptivity of 2d was very high from the day of flowering to 2d after flowering,so pollination should be carried out on the same day after flowering.'Chuanzao 1' as female parent of walnut artificial pollination,the highest rate is'chuanzao 1' walnut self pollination was 48.87%,following by 'zaofeng' to 'chuanzao 1'pollen pollination fruit reached 48.76%.the content of fruit from large to small in turn is C1ZH>C1ZF>C1ZR>C1SL>C1SZ>C1C2,in the production practice to improve'chuanzao 1' output can be used 'chuanzao 1' and the 'zaofeng' collocation alone walnut tree as 'chuanzao 1' pollination tree;'chuanzao 2' as female parent of walnut controlled pollination was the highest,the combination is C2Cl,firuit of 43.14%,fiuit contents from high to low:C2C1>C2ZR>C2ZH>C2ZF>C2SZ>C2SL,in the production practice to improve 'chuanzao 2' output can be used 'chuanzao 1' walnut tree as 'chuanzao 1' the pollination tree.The different varieties of early walnut pollen on 'shuangzao' pollination tree,fruit set between 22.26%-47.47%,the fruit contents from high to low:SZZH>SZC1>SZZF>SZC2>SZZR>SZSL,the 'shuangzao' self pollination was the highest,reached 47.57%,followed by 'chuanzao 1' and 'shuling' to 'shuangzao' pollinated fruit is relatively high,respectively 43.47%and 41.76%,in the production practice,improve the yield of Walnut in the 'shuangzao,adopted the 'shuangzao' self configuration or using 'chuanzao 1'and 'zaofeng'as pollination 'shuangzao' pollination tree.On the basis of GB/T20398-2006 walnut quality grade standard,grade and I grade walnut standard diameter is larger than 30.00mm,(Length,width and height)three diameter average index,SZZR belong to I nuts,C1ZH belong to ? nuts,nuts and other combinations are in line with the extra premium,I grade standard nuts;walnut fruit weight is more than the standard 12.0g,ClSZ and SZZF belong to ? nuts,C1ZH and C2SL and SZZR belong to III nuts,other combinations are in line with the super standard,C1SZ,nuts;C1C2?C2C1?C2SZ?SZZH and SZSL,C1ZF?C1ZH the whole kernel,C1SL?C2ZH?C2ZF?C2SL,SZC1 and SZC2 semi kernel,C1ZR,C2ZR and SZZR grade,I grade hard seed;walnut kernel ratio>53%,C1ZH,C2SL,C2ZR and SZC1 reached the standard grade,C1C2 and C1ZF and C1SZ and C1ZR and C2ZH and C2ZF kernel rate is low,no more than 38%.According to the provisions of GB/T20398-2006,super.I grade walnut protein content standards more than 14%,top grade,grade walnut fat content is more than 65%,through artificial pollination,C1ZH and C1SZ and C2C1 and C2ZF and C2SL and C2ZR andSZZH and C1ZF and C1SL belong to super standard;C2ZH and C2SZ and SZC1 and SZC2 and SZZF and SZZR reached I standard;C1SZ and C1C2 and SZSL reach the second class standard.'Chuanzao 1' as female parent of hybrid Pollination Progeny nuts the highest scoringcombinations C1ZH,a score of 82 points,the lowest for the C1C2 only 60 points;therefore to 'chuanzao 1' walnut trees,by self pollination,the best offspring nuts,'chuanzao 2' as female parent pollination offspring scored the highest score for C2C1 was 83,and C2SZ scored 81 points;so to 'chuanzao 2,by walnut trees,'chuanzao 1'and 'shuangzao,on its configuration tree as Pollination Progeny nut quality high performance.With ' shuangzao'walnut trees,Pollination Progeny nuts the highest scores for SZZH and SZCl,are 79 points;therefore to 'shuangzao' walnut trees,by self pollination or 'chuanzao 1' walnut as pollination tree,offspring of excellent performance.