Effects Of Fertilizer Species And Plant Density On Nutrient Accumulation And Translocation And Grain Yield Of Spring Maize

The synchronization of nutrient release in fertilizer and crop absorption is one of the important method to improve the grain yield and fertilizer use efficiency.Crop density also affects the crop grain yield and nutrient use efficiency.A field trial was conducted at Yanzhou University Experimental Farm in 2016 and 2017.The effects of plant density(60000,75000,and 90000 plant/ha)and fertilization method(slower-release fertilization,conventional fertilization(application of compound fertilizer at sowing and urea at jointing stage,respectively),taken blank as control)on plant nutrient accumulation and translocation and grain yield of spring maize were studied using Suyu29 and Suyu30 as materials.The main results were as follows:1.Effects of fertilization mode and plant density on grain yieldPlant density and fertilization method have significantly affects maize grain number,weight and yield.With the increase of plant density,the grain weight and number gradually decreased,while grain yield increased first and fall later and peaked at moderate density(75000 plant/ha).Fertilization increased the grain number,weight,and grain yield and the increase of grain number and yield were higher under application of slow-release fertilizer,while grain weight was similar between slow-release and conventional fertilizations.Among the different treatments,the grain yield of two varieties in two years reached the peak under the moderate density with application of slow-release fertilizer.The maximum grain yield of Suyu29 and Suyu30 was 10741 and 10163 kg/ha in 2016,and was 12757 and 12109 kg/ha in 2017,respectively.2.Effects of fertilization mode and plant density on LAIThe LAI rise initially and fall later and peak at flowering stage with the proceeding of plant growth and the value was higher for Suyu29 than for Suyu30.The LAI at jointing and flowering stage gradually increase with the increase of plant density.The LAI was decreased significantly at maturity,and the decrease was highest at high plant density.Fertilization increase the plant LAI,and increase was high for slow-release fertilizer.The LAI reduction under slow-release fertilization condition was lower than the conventional fertilization,indicated that the leaf senescence was retarded by slow-release fertilization.3.Effects of fertilization mode and plant density on dry matter accumulation and translocationThe dry matter accumulation gradually increased with the plant growth,and the increase of dry matter accumulation was highest at post-flowering stage and lowest before jointing stage.The fertilization increased the dry matter accumulation at different stages and the increase was higher under slow-release fertilization.With the increase of plant density,the dry matter rose first and fall later and peaked at moderate density.Among the different treatments,Suyu29 and Su30 dry matter accumulation were highest at moderate density with slow-release fertilization.Fertilization increased the plant dry matter translocation amount but reduced the dry matter translocation rate,the translocation amount was similar between conventional and slow-release fertilizations,while translocation rate was lower for slow-release fertilizations.The translocation amount and rate were gradually increased with the increase of plant density.4.Effects of fertilization mode and plant density on nitrogen absorption and utilizationFertilization increased the maize nitrogen accumulation,translocation and use efficiency,and the increase of nitrogen accumulation and use efficiency were higher at slow-release fertilization.Nitrogen accumulation and use efficiency rise initially and fall later and peaked at moderate density.Among the different treatment,the nitrogen accumulation and use efficiency were highest at moderate density with slow-release fertilization.The nitrogen accumulation and use efficiency were 255.8 kg/ha and 41.82%for Suyu29 and were 233.8 kg/ha and 36.44%for Suyu30 in 2016;those two parameters were 270.8 kg/ha and 43.72%for Suyu29 and were 249.5 kg/ha and 40.49%for Suyu30 in 2017,respectively.5.Effects of fertilization mode and plant density on absorption and utilization of phosphorus and potassiumThe plant phosphorus accumulation,translocation,and use efficiency was higher under slow-release fertilization than under conventional fertilization.With the density increase,the pre-flowering phosphorus accumulation gradually increased,while the post-flowering phosphorus accumulation and use efficiency rose first and fall later.Among the different treatments,the changes of potassium accumulation and use efficiency were similar to phosphorus,which were higher under slow-release fertilization.The potassium accumulation and use efficiency gradually increased with the increase of plant density.