| Pesticide risk assessment introduced the pesticide registration system to promote the scientific and safe use of pesticides,and the risk assessment of occupational exposure of pesticides is an important part of the assessment of pesticide risk.Our experiment selects the high density planting with dwarf stocks apple which has less research and is in line with the future cultivation mode,By studying the application of the plunger pump in the 1.5Mpa pressure,the 1mm cone spray applicators process and carries out the whole year tracking experiment under the management model of the non intervention.By studying the migration and deposition distribution of the pesticide liquid in different locations of the orchards,the exposure quantity and distribution of the liquid in different parts of the body were measured by the whole body sampling method,the factors affecting the exposure distribution were discussed,and the exposure amount of the liquid in the unit time(PDE)was measured.Exposure risk assessment of operators,and put forward the operation and management suggestions.The results show that:1.There was no obvious change in the liquid deposition on and on the ground of different fruit trees with the same dosage,and the RSD was 0.44% and 1.20% respectively.The deposition of fruit trees in different locations was randomly distributed,and there was no obvious trend of distribution.The behavior of fruit growers in the pesticide application process is normal,and is not affected by experiment.In the process of early administration of apple fruit tree,the drifting and loss of traditional Chinese medicine liquid is serious,the drift distance is more than 20 m,the late fruit tree is close to depression,and the internal pesticide liquid in the dense planting orchard is less drifting and losing.The amount of fruit tree liquid deposition in different period of management was related to the period of fruit tree management,and the highest deposition in the development period of the young fruit before the bag,and the ratio of deposit on fruit tree to the ground is 2.14.2.the distribution of occupational exposure in Apple orchard was mainly distributed in the upper part of the body and differences in the management period of different fruit trees.The total amount of exposure at different periods is above 70%.The proportion of back and head increased mainly because of the increase of fruit tree closed depression,increased exposure to fruit trees,the maximum back exposure reached 16.84%.Both hands exposure was exposed to 29.93% in the early short time operation,and breakdown of the equipment significantly increased the proportion of hand exposure.The exposed part of the lower body is less than 30%,and the exposed position of the leg is higher than that of the thigh.Pesticide exposure is mainly distributed in the upper part of the orchard,especially for both hands.It is suggested that professional protection measures should be adopted.3.The PDE of the apple orchard was 271.99 mL/h,the exposure was mainly in the upper body of the body,the ratio was 71.74%,accounting for 0.26% of the total amount of pesticide application,and the respiratory exposure(PIE)was 0.01 m L/h,Re entering for bagging operation exposed PDE was 3.92 m L/h,mainly in the hands and the double hand exposure was 56.58%.The MOE values ofimidacloprid,emamectin benzoate,pymetrozine and thiophanate-methyl were 967.5,339.5,100.5 and 25.9 respectively,and the cumulative MOE values of various pesticides were 19.01,far less than 100,indicating that the actual operators exposed to greater risk and should be reduced as much as possible.Work time and strengthen personal protection.4.the application of pesticides in orchard are unscientific,over repeated and more than the prescribed dosage.Our country lacks the supervision system of pesticide use,which brings many practical problems.Our country should improve and improve the health of pesticide use as soon as possible,and strengthen the application of scientific management. |
PDF Full Text Request