Effects Of Zearalenone On Immune System Function In Pregnant Sows Of Implantation

The balance of the maternal-fetal immune relationship is the key to the successful implantation of the embryo.The immune imbalance of any one of them will lead to the failure of the pregnancy process,which is regulated by immune cells,cytokines and cell adhesion factors.Zearalenone(ZEA)is an mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi and is a common contaminant in crops.ZEA can enter the food chain through crops,thus causing many adverse effects on animal and human health.When ZEA enters the body,it can disrupt the immune system in the body and cause immunotoxicity,which affects the embryo implantation.Since it was rarely reported.In this study,twenty sows with similar body weights were randomly assigned to four groups and were fed with diets containing ZEA at concentrations of 0 mg/kg,1 mg/kg,2 mg/kg,and 10 mg/kg respectively from gestation days 8 to 14.After sampling electron we had done HE stain,serum immunoglobulin analysis and cytokine concentration detection,analysis of m RNA and protein levels of splenic cytokines,splenic lymphocytes were cultured for proliferation,to investigate the effect of ZEA on the immunotoxicity of sows in embryogenic stage.The main results were as follows:1.High concentrations of ZEA cause porcine embryos size to become smaller during peri-implantation;high concentrations of ZEA(30 mg/kg)results in reduced litter size and reduced birth weight in mice.2.Different levels of ZEA treatment group did not significantly affect the spleen tissue structure of sows in early pregnancy.3.Serum biochemical analysis revealed that ZEA affected the humoral immunity of pregnant sows: the concentration of IgG decreased significantly in different concentrations of ZEA treatment groups,and 10 mg/kg ZEA significantly reduced the concentration of IgA and increased the concentration of IgM;gene expression of immunoglobulins IgA,IgG,IgM in spleen samples derived from animals treated in vivo with different levels of ZEA were analysed by RT-q PCR,the results showed that different levels of ZEA treatment significantly decreased the m RNA expression of IgA and IgG and increased the m RNA expression of the IgM.4.ZEA influences the synthesis of cytokines in the serum: The ELISA test of serum cytokine concentration showed that ZEA treatment increased the synthesis of IL-1?,IL-2,IL-6,TNF-? and IL-10,and The synthesis of IL-1?,IL-6,TNF-? and IL-10 was significantly changed in the high-dose ZEA(10 mg/kg)treatment group.5.ZEA affects cytokines expression in spleen: 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg ZEA treatment group significantly increased the m RNA expression levels of IL-2,IL-6 and TNF-?,2mg/kg ZEA treatment group significantly increased the m RNA expression levels of IL-1?,IL-8,10mg/kg ZEA treatment group significantly reduced IL-10 m RNA expression levels,different levels of ZEA treatment had no effect on IFN-? cyctokine;Western blot results showed that the IL-1?,TNF-?,IFN-? protein levels increased with increasing concentrations of ZEA treatment in the low ZEA treatment group(1mg/kg and 2mg/kg).6.In vitro cell assays showed that ZEA could inhibit the proliferation of porcine spleen lymphocytes,and the inhibition rate increased with the increase of ZEA concentration.7.Conclusion: During the process of sow embryos implantation,ZEA induces the systemic inflammatory response of sows by influencing the expression and synthesis of cytokines and immunoglobulins,causing immune disorders and disrupting the balance of the uterine immune microenvironment,that is effect embroys implant success.