The Difference Research Of Gut Microbiome And Haemolymph Metabolomics Between Silkworm Hybrid F₁ And Their Parents

Heterosis is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the biosphere.It refers to the first generation of hybrids produced by cross-breeding between different parents with different genotypes.It manifests itself in terms of growth potential,viability,fertility,resista nce,yield,and quality.Or better than two parents in many traits.Although the research on the heterosis and mechanism of silkworm has been reported,there are still many unknown mechanisms in the heterosis of silkworm.In this paper,we use the methods of microbiology and metabonomics to analyze and compare the gut microbiota differences and hemolymph metabolite differences between F1(male and female)and its parent(male and female)of silkworm,in order to explore the mechanism of heterosis of silkwor m.Provide a new perspective.The following research results are obtained.(?)Intestinal Microbiome Analysis of Silkworm F1 and Its Parents:(1)The reliability of the data is demonstrated by various methods.The distribution of total intestinal microflora in all samples is dominated by Actinomycetes,Proteobacteria,and Firmicutes;followed by Cyanobacteria,Bacteroides,and other bacteria.(2)At the species level,the intestinal microbial species of the hybrid F1(male and female)is more abundant than the parent(paternal and female),showing heterosis;The microbial species detect at the seed level of the two parents also showed some differences: A total of 442 microorganisms are detected in the F1 females of the hybrids,and 358 microorganisms are detected in the F1 males of the hybrids.The Female at the seed level,a total of 170 microorganisms are detected;the male at the seed level,a total of 205 microorganisms are detected.(3)There is no difference in dominant flora between F1 females and males at the genus level,both Ralstonia and Rhodococcus.There is also no significant difference in the abundance and diversity of intestinal microflora between male and female sexes of F 1 hybrids.(4)There are significant differences in the dominant flora o f the two parents at the genus level: the dominant flora at the female level is Lactobacillus,followed by Cyanobacteria;the parental flora at the genus level is Enterococcus,followed by Ralstonia.(?)Metabolomics Analysis of Hemolymph in Bombyx mori F1 and Its Parents:(1)The sample data available through multiple analyses are reliable.O verall hemolymph is annotated with GC-MS and LC-MS and 106 metabolites are obtained.The total metabolites can be divided into nine categories: Amino acids,Carbohydrates,Nucleotides,Organic acids,Fatty acids,Phosphoric acid,Amines,Polyols,and others.(2)The differential metabolites in the female F1 hybrids that are significantly up-regulated compared to the female parent are C holine phosphate,Pcetylamino,and Hypoxanthine;the differentially metabolites significantly down-regulated are Ornithine,Tocopherol,and Alpha-tocopherol;The differential metabolites significantly increased in the female F1 hybrids compared with male parents are Isoleucine,Dihydroxyformic acid,and Alanine;the differential metabolites significantly decreased are Ribitol,Thiol acid,and Pyroglutamic acid.(3)The differential metabolites of the male F1 hybrids which are significantly up-regulated in the hybrids are C holine phosphate,Glyc ine,and Uridine;the differential metabolites significantly down-regulated are Alanine,Tryptophan,Ornithine;and the male F1 hybrids.The differentially metabolites significantly up-regulated compared to the paternal parent were 2-aminobutyric acid,Alanine,and C holine phosphate;the differential metabolites significantly down-regulated are Threonine,Ribitol,and L-arginine.It is shown that there is a significant difference in the metabolic characteristics of the hybrid F1(female and male)hemolymph.The degree of dispersion and richness of the metabolite species is higher than that of the parent,indicating a certain degree of heterosis.There are some differences in the metabolites between the male and female sexes of F 1 hybrids,but the difference is not significant: LHM is rich in Phosphatidylethanolamine,Sitosterol,Cholesterol,LHF are rich in Isoleucine,Methionine,Valine.