A Study On The Production Response Behavior Of Livestock And Poultry Farmers Without Antibiotics Under Risk Awareness

In recent years,the quality and safety incidents of major animal-derived products such as lean meat essence,sick pigs,fast-growing chickens,and so on,have been disclosed by the media one after another,arousing widespread public concern,resulting in bad social and economic impacts.China is a big producer and consumer of live pigs,livestock and poultry.However,due to problems such as excessive drug residues and animal epidemic diseases,the export of products only accounts for 0.9% of the total production volume.The abuse of antibiotics has seriously affected the international competitiveness of the livestock and poultry breeding industry.In order to solve the problem of safe drug use in livestock and poultry breeding,especially the abuse of antibiotics,Many countries in the world have made many attempts and accumulated a lot of experience.China started relatively late in this respect.Although it has made certain achievements,the situation facing the safe use of drugs for livestock and poultry breeding is still grim.There are many obstacles in the process of promoting the production of "no resistance","limiting resistance","reducing resistance" and so on.The main contradiction in our society has been transformed into "the people's growing need for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development".The contradiction between "and increasingly prominent now,It is particularly important and urgent to find out the method of solving the "no resistance" production of livestock and poultry breeding.Tracing back to the source,the problem of antibiotic abuse is closely related to the drug use behavior of livestock and poultry farmers.Their response to "no resistance" production determines the process of "no resistance" production.What is the illegal drug use behavior of livestock and poultry farmers at present? The prevention stage is the most frequently used antibiotics in the breeding process.How to reduce the use of prophylactic antibiotics? After restricting or reducing the use of prophylactic antibiotics,can we use Chinese herbal medicine,probiotics and other "antibiotic substitutes" to solve the problem of livestock and poultry disease? Around the three core issues linked to each other,an empirical study was carried out.This study was carried out according to the logical thinking of "illegal drug use behavior-reducing antibiotic prophylactic use-using antibiotic substitutes-countermeasures and suggestions".The questionnaire survey data of 399 livestock and poultry farmers in more than 10 counties and cities of Shandong Province were used.Based on the theory of risk cognition and planned behavior,this paper empirically analyzed the illegal drug use behavior of different types of safety risk cognition to livestock and poultry farmers around the production behavior of "reducing resistance".The main conclusions of reducing the impact of preventive medication and increasing the use of "antibiotic substitutes" are as follows:(1)The illegal use of drugs by livestock and poultry farmers is serious.Based on the investigation data,Under the national policies of "limiting resistance" and "banning resistance" and other policies,37.6% of the breeders still do not care about whether or not the drugs contain prohibited ingredients.41.3% of the farmers said that 53.9% of the farmers would not mind if they had good curative effect.53.9% of the farmers said that they would not mind the use of human medicine and animal drugs in the breeding process.The actual amount of veterinary drugs used in China is usually much higher than the prescribed dosage of 63.7%,and farmers prefer to choose a relatively cheap one.Fast effective drugs,and 52.6% of livestock and poultry farmers have basically not changed their breeding habits in recent years.From this,we can see that although the relevant departments of our country have issued a lot of policies such as "limiting resistance" and "prohibiting resistance" and so on,But the safety risk of livestock breeding still exists and is still serious.(2)The deterrent cognition of livestock and poultry farmers to safety risk is derived from the assessment of risk probability and risk loss,and this deterrent will influence their drug use behavior orientation,based on the interpretation of foreground theory and threat theory.Using the three-stage least square method(3SLS)to explore the behavior orientation of drug use in livestock and poultry farm households,it was found that livestock and poultry farmers felt the threat of different safety risk cognition,among which the most recognized threat was the risk of epidemic disease.At the same time,the deterrent cognition of epidemic disease risk has the greatest influence on the behavior orientation of drug use in livestock and poultry farms,that is,the greater the perceived risk of epidemic disease,the stronger the drug use behavior.The breakthrough point for drug use behavior of livestock and poultry farmers is to solve the perceived risk deterrence of epidemic disease.In addition,the farmers' age,breeding years,education level,The scale of breeding and the cycle of livestock and poultry also affect the behavior of illegal drug use.(3)The situation of antibiotic prophylactic drug use is serious,different risk cognition has different influence on livestock and poultry farmers' behavior of reducing antibiotic prophylactic drug use,among which market risk cognition is the most important.With the help of planning behavior theory and partial least square method(PLS),this paper explores the influence of livestock and poultry farmers on reducing the behavior of prophylactic use of antibiotics.It is found that 61.4% of livestock farmers clearly indicated that they would use prophylactic antibiotics in the process of breeding.Only 32.3% of the livestock and poultry farmers considered that the excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics was the main reason leading to the excess of drug residues in animal products.67.7% of the livestock and poultry farmers did not know enough about the harm caused by the irrational use of prophylactic antibiotics.Among them,market risk cognition has the greatest effect on reducing antibiotic prophylactic drug use behavior in livestock and poultry farm households,which is because "market" is an important link to realize livestock and poultry products.If the market is "shut out" because of drug problems,livestock farmers will be unable to bear the loss.(4)The use of "antibiotic substitutes" is still in the initial stage,and the effects of different risk perceptions on the use of "antibiotic substitutes" in livestock and poultry farms are different,among which the risk perception of epidemic diseases is the most significant.With the help of planning behavior theory and partial least square method(PLS),this paper explores the influence of livestock and poultry farmers on the use of "antibiotic substitutes".The results show that vaccine is the most frequently used "antibiotic substitute" and Chinese herbal medicine is the first to be used.(2)76.94% of the other "antibiotic substitutes" have not been used more than half;The perception of the risk of epidemic disease that has the greatest impact on the use of "antibiotic substitutes" in livestock and poultry farmers is that the greater the risk of epidemic disease,the less willing livestock farmers are to use "antibiotic substitutes," because in the farmers' perception,The therapeutic effect of substitute is not as good as antibiotics,and the effect of animal reusing is not good,and it needs to be used for a long time.Generally,the substitute of antibiotics is used as a supplementary measure to prevent disease.(5)Finally,based on the conclusions of the full-text study,it is proposed to strengthen training and publicity,to increase the cost of violating the law,to enhance the threat intensity of market,system and risk awareness of violations,and to improve the production technology level of "antibiotic substitutes".Some suggestions such as reducing the production cost,reducing the threat intensity of the risk cognition of epidemic disease,supporting policy and differentiated financial subsidy,establishing the certification system and incentive mechanism for the "non-resistant" livestock and poultry breeding products as soon as possible.In addition,the main innovation of this study is to summarize the cognition information of livestock and poultry farmers into safety risk cognition,and to study the behavior of livestock and poultry farmers from the perspective of risk cognition.