| Water and fertilizer input is the main cost of wheat production.The main way to realize high yield and high efficiency of wheat is to study the efficient utilization and reduction of water and fertilizer.The semiwinterness wheat variety Zhoumai 22 is selected for this experiment under a canopy with couples of flowerpots used for seeding inside,There are three degrees of nitrogen,zero nitrogen(N0,0kg/hm2),medium level of nitrogen(N1,195kg/hm2)and high level of nitrogen(N2,270kg/hm2),eight water combinations,including two treatments that soil relative water content at 55% and 60% from returning green stage to jointing stage,four treatments that soil relative water content at55%,65%,75%,85% from jointing stage to maturity stage and the control treatment is soil relative water content at 70% for the whole growth period.Studied the influence of different fertilization and water strategy on the photosynthetic parameters of the flag leaves of wheat,water use efficiency,grouting rate and production elements.The main results were as follows:The water consumption of wheat increased with the increase of nitrogen application and soil water content.The effect of nitrogen on water consumption and total water consumption was extremely significant.The soil water content effect water consumption of every growth periods and total water consumption very significantly,the two factors of soil water content and nitrogen were interacted with each other,and the interaction effect on the water consumption in the period of flowering to maturity reached a significant level.The combination of T6N1 and CKN1 has the highest yield,nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency,which is significantly higher than that of other combinations;the water use efficiency of T6N1 and CKN1 combination is the highest,1.9 and 1.74g/kg,very significantly.The effect of nitrogen and soil water content on water consumption coefficient and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of wheat shew different degrees.The effect of nitrogen on the water consumption coefficient of wheat is significant,and the effect on water and fertilizer utilization efficiency reached a very significant level,but the effect of soil water content was not significant.Soil water content and nitrogen had significant interaction effect on water consumption coefficient and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat.The concentration of MDA increased with the increase of nitrogen application,while the activity of protective enzyme under N0 was the highest,N1 was slightly lower than N0,N2was the lowest,but there was no significant difference between them.The two factor had significant interaction on SOD activity.Increasing the soil water content and nitrogen fertilizer can significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves.The SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of T6N1 and CKN1 combinations were significantly higher than those of other treatments.The effects of water and nitrogen on SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were extremely significant.The two factors had interaction on SPAD value and photosynthetic parameters,but it was not significant.The filling rate increased with the increase of soil water content,and the filling rate of T6N1 and CKN1 was higher significantly.The yield and yield factors increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application.The yield and yield elements were the highest under the treatment of N1.The 1000 grain weight and the number of spikes under T6N1 and CKN1 were both higher significantly,and the yield was significantly higher than that of other combinations.The effect of nitrogen on the number of spikes and yield is extremely significant.The effect of soil water content on the yield factors is extremely significant.The two factors had significant interaction effect on the 1000 grain weight,and there was a extremely significant interaction on the yield.The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate under the condition of the moderate nitrogen and soil relative water content at 60% or 70% from returning green to jointing stage,soil relative water content at 65~70% from jointing stage to maturity stage were significantly higher than those of other treatments.Compared with CKN1,T6N1 take higher yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency,It is the best combination for wheat to obtain higher water and fertilizer use efficiency,maximum grain filling rate and yield.Therefore,it is considered that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer at 195kg/ha,soil relative water content at60% from returning green to jointing stage and 65% from jointing stage to maturity,make wheat get higher yield,taking account of the efficient utilization of water and fertilizer. |
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