Study On Flowering Biological Of Clematis Fusca

Clematis fusca is a rare ornamental material in the spring and summer seasons in northern China.The study of its flowering biology can lay a foundation for the future flowering regulation,breeding and breeding and gardening applications.In this thesis,3 to 5 years old clematis from Yantong Mountain in Jilin Province were used as test materials to study the flower bud differentiation and development process,floral comprehensive characteristics and breeding system,flowering phenology and pollination mechanism,and discussed its flowering.Biological characteristics lay the foundation for future flowering regulation,breeding and breeding and gardening applications.The results show:The process of flower bud differentiation of Clematis fusca can be divided into five stages which included undifferentiated period,early stage of bud differentiation,differentiation stage of septal primordial,the differentiation period of stamens primordium and the differentiation period of pistil primordium.Flower bud differentiation began in late May and it take about 10 days to complete,followed by the development of floral organs.There were four rooms anthers of Clematis fusca.The anther wall consisted of four layers of construction that included epidermis,endothecium,middle layer(2 layers)and tapetum.The development of the anther wall belonged to a dicotyledonous type.Cytokinesis in the microsporocyte meiosis was simultaneous which produced two kinds of tetrads,type of symmetrical and type of tetrahedral.The tetrahedral is of body The mature pollen of Clematis fusca was two-cell type and three-channel pollen.Mature ovules were single-beaded,pocket-shaped inverted ovules,and the structure of the embryo sac was 7 cells and 8 nuclei.The individual flower longevity was 5?7 days.The opening process of individual flower can be divided into bud formation stage,bud expansion stage,flower blooming stage,litter stage and seed formation stage according to the state of buds in different periods.The average duration of flowering per plant was 23d,varying from 11 to 33d.The order of opening was irregular.The cymules of the plants are obvious,the flowers are abundant,and the flowering time is hierarchical.The average number of stamens was 108,and the change range was 82-146.The average number of pistil-derived carpels was 78,and the change range was 50-108.In addition,there is an abnormality in the opening of the flowers of the clematis acerifolia,and the sepals may have multiple cracks or overlapping flowers.The most suitable method for the determination of pollen viability is the acetate magenta method.The coloration effect is obvious,easy to distinguish and easy to operate.Clematis fusca loose powder is carried out in stages,pollen activity is high,and the stigma has already been receptive before and after the loose powder,so it is considered that both male and female are familiar.The stigma was the most receptive from the 3rd to the 4th day after anthesis,and the pollen vigor maintained a high activity from the 3rd to the 4th day,providing a guarantee for the success of pollination.The ventral surface of the calyx blade is relatively smooth,and the back is covered with long hair,with a stomatal apparatus.The estimate of the hybrid index of C.clachtis was 4 and the ratio of pollen to ovule was 3136.58.Combined with the results of the bagging experiment,it could be determined that the breeding system of C.communis was outcrossed,partially self-intergred and in need of pollination by the process.The type of participation.The flowering period of Clematis radiata was from early June to early August,and the flowering duration of the population was 46-48 days.The flowering curves of both 2016 and 2017 are unimodal,with only one flowering peak each year.There are 12 kinds of visitors,8 belonging to 5 orders,among which there are 5 families and 7 species of pollinators.The main pollinators are the jungle-winged bumble-bees,Hufengs,and fine-leafed bees,and the black-skinned fly-fly and short-tailed tuber fly of the Diptera family Diptera.The nectar-robbing insects are mainly ants.Among them,the single flowering time of A.sauteri was the longest,but the frequency of visits was the highest among the bumblebees in the jungle.The frequency of day-visiting flowering of different flower-visiting insects was quite different.The visit time of the bumblebees was from 9:00 to 18:00,mainly in the morning.The time spent by black-skin beetle flies throughout the flowering time was concentrated at noon.In a word,the pollination effect of Hymenoptera and Diptera on pollen of Anoiplya pilosa is much greater than that of other insects.