The Gap Analysis Of Songnen Plain Based On The Conservation Of Red-Crowned Crane During The Autumn Period

The red-crowned crane is a world-class rare and endangered species.It is a national Class I protected animal.It is clear that its suitable habitat distribution,and vacancy are the key to protecting red-crowned crane.Songnen Plain is an important habitat for red-crowned crane in China.Therefore,based on the protection of red-crowned crane,it had great significance to analyze the protection vacancy of protected areas in Songnen Plain.This paper collected the distribution points of red-crowned crane in the field in September and November of 2015-2016.We used environmental variables extracted from the Landsat-8 TM remote sensing image of Songnen Plain in 2010,combined with DEM elevation data and human interference distance data.In the MaxEnt model,the habitat distribution of red-crowned crane was predicted.The output was reclassified in ArcGIS to get the suitable habitat distribution map of the Songnen Plain.Then,we collected data of Nature Reserve,Forest Park,and Wetland Park in Songnen Plain.Using geostatistical analysis and GAP analysis in ArcGIS,the spatial distribution pattern of protected land is analyzed in Songnen Plain.Finally,in Songnen Plain,the suitable habitat distribution map is used to stack the spatial distribution points of Songnen Plain.Through the GAP analysis method and the vacancy principle,the protection vacancy and the protection effectiveness are analyzed.The protection countermeasures and the optimal layout of the habitat of red-crowned crane in Songnen Plain are put forward.(1)The evaluation results of the MaxEnt model by ROC curve are:the AUC values of training set is 0.966 and verification set is 0.928,respectively,indicating that the MaxEnt model has reached an excellent level of prediction.The Jackknife method results show that the most important environmental factors influencing the habitat of red-crowned crane are human disturbance factors,followed by altitude,green vegetation index,soil brightness index and soil moisture index,and finally slope and aspect.(2)In Songnen Plain,suitable habitats for the red-crowned crane during the fall period are mainly distributed on the plains in the western part of Songnen Plain.The area of the most suitable area is 280700 hectares,accounting for 2.99%of the total area of the study area;the area of the more suitable area is 8.443 million hectares,accounting for 9%of the total area of the research area;the area of the secondary suitable area is 731.9 thousand hectares,accounting for the total area of the study area is 7.80%;the area of the non-adequate area is 7,523,700 hectares,accounting for 80.21%of the total area of the study area.(3)In the natural protection system of Songnen Plain,the protected land is mainly located in the northeast area of Songnen Plain.The distribution of nature reserve and wetland park is concentrated in geographical space,but is not balanced in county administrative region.Forest park is scattered in geographical space and extremely unbalanced in county administrative region.(4)There is still a large area of protection vacancies in suitable habitats for red-crowned cranes,mainly distributed in Tailai-Longjiang,Lindian-Daqing-Dumeng,zhaoyuan-zhaozhou,Taonan-baicheng,etc.