| Based on these data from1979-2012, conservation effects of Zhalong nature reserve based on Red-crowned crane conservation was conducted from animal, habitat, human field of macro and micro view. Research contents include (1) conservation effects of Red-crowned crane population;(2) protection effects of population genetic diversity;(3) conservation effects of Red-crowned crane habitat;(4) conservation effects of conservation education and sightseeing based on Red-crowned crane.(1) Conservation effects of Red-crowned crane populationFrom1979, it took a first rising and drop trend for wild Red-crowned crane population, and so nest number do. The distribution area also the same trend, the position changed from southeast to northwest, then focus on the site of management bureau. The breeding population took a trend from clumped distribution to non clumped distribution namely uniform distribution or random distribution. There was notable positive correlation between Red-crowned crane population and richness of avian community, high positive correlation between Red-crowned crane population and diversity, uniformity. Large area fire hazard and wetland irrigation influenced environmental quality of wetland, and wild Red-crowned crane can adopt the environment changed by fine adjustment its spatial distribution pattern.From1979, hatching success of assisted breeding population was always higher than wild population for Red-crowned crane, and was77.41%of annual average. Incubation survival quantity took a rising trend, total up914,27of annual mean. The population maintained30-50for last decade. From2002, the training fly scale always increased year by year, it has maintained100-120recently. The total number of releasing population was117,8of annual mean, and increased year by year, maintained more than10recently.(2) Protection effect of population genetic diversity for Red-crowned craneIn Zhalong nature reserve, its wild population and artificial assisted breeding population both show relatively high expected heterozygosity and allele abundance, which shows that no matter the wild population in situ conservation or artificial breeding population still maintains a relatively high level of genetic diversity at present. It’s important particularly that artificial assisted breeding population maintains quite high genetic diversity level with wild population basically, and don’t have a genetic differentiation with wild population. So it’s necessary to develop artificial assisted breeding population to wild cranes protection and restoration in the zhalong nature reserve. From the point of population genetic diversity protection, the protection effects of Grus japonensis population is significant in zhalong nature reserve.(3) Conservation effects of Red-crowned crane habitat From1979, it took a obvious change on land types area and main environmental climate factor. The area of reed marsh in the reserve took a rising trend with fluctuation, and water body decreasing, so grasslands do. an average annual temperature rose high with rules,4.31℃. Annual sunshine duration took no obvious change,2828.93h. Annual rainfall (437.06mm) and annual evaporation capacity (1374.67mm) all decreased. The analysis shows that there were obvious real negative correlation between annual rainfall and annual evaporation capacity, annual sunshine duration.From wetland irrigating, the area of reed marsh, water body (lake and river) in the reserve was the rising trend. But, it was lower than1999. It was great different on avian species after wetland irrigation, and the similarity was0.4355. Richness, Uniformity and Diversity of avian community were lower than these value before wetland irrigation (P<0.05).From function zone planning view, it took a great change on total zone, spatial distribution, function zone types, function zone area. The basic standard of function zone planning was the zone that can include the spatial distribution of Red-crowned crane. Now, core zone in the reserve could include the spatial distribution of Red-crowned crane (96.58%)(4) Conservation effects of conservation education and sightseeing based on Red-crowned craneFrom1982, tourists and tourists oversea had the rising trend. Now, tourist generating region was health and stable, and mostly focused Heilongjian province, adjacent to the province, and these province with big travel for example Shanghai city, Beijing city, Jiangsu province, Zhejiang province and Tianjin city. The theme tourism products namely watching crane and stepping into the nature were the main tourist motive, and took a nice trend.Compared with2003, detention time had obvious long in the reserve, namely122minutes. The temporal distribution of detention had no obvious change, and consistent with the theme tourism products namely training fly of Red-crowned crane (am10:00-12:00and pm14:00-15:00). The spatial distribution of detention had also no obvious change, and training fly zone, adult crane, shop, watching bird building and specimen hall were the main detention landscape, and the detention time on these landscape was longer than2003.The analysis shows, the conservation effect of conservation education and sightseeing based on Red-crowned crane in the reserve got some gains, and the theme tourism products has already got the nod:tourists is increasing stably, tourist generating region is on stable and cross into the province with big travel, tourist motive was consistent with the purpose of conservation education in the reserve, detention time of tourist had obvious long, temporal distribution of detention was consistent with the training fly time of assisted breeding Red-crowned crane, spatial distribution of detention was the zone of training fly for Red-crowned crane and tourism income was obvious. (5) Comprehensive analysis shows that due to all kinds of disturbance elements, wild Red-crowned crane population including breeding population in the reserve took a great change at population number and spatial distribution from1979to2000, population number decreased and spatial distribution zone moved and increased. Different land type area for example reed marsh, water body and grasslands all decreased. Main environmental climate factor all took a great change, an average annual temperature rose high, annual rainfall and annual evaporation capacity all decreased. All these elements directly or indirectly influenced Red-crowned crane population and its habitat. Of these, large area fire hazard and large area wetland irrigating can be controlled by human.In2001, the reserve started irrigating water into wetland. From then to now, reed marsh area is increasing, and Red-crowned crane population gave the positive effects at population number and spatial distribution. Large area wetland irrigating had the positive role to wetland recover and Red-crowned crane population conservation. But, it still low than1979. Accordingly, the reserve has also carried out scientific planning of function zone based on the spatial distribution of Red-crowned crane.Meanwhile, the reserve also carried out the project by releasing assisted breeding population into wild population for Red-crowned crane, and got some good gains at hatching success, the dimensions of training fly population, the dimensions of releasing population and releasing effect.It was obvious conservation effects at genetic diversity conservation, and assisted breeding population had positive effects to wild crane population.In addition, the theme tourism products namely Red-crowned crane flying has already got the nod, and made the effect of environmental education and economic gains.Basing above result, we put forward the following management suggests:(1) carry out the annual survey on wild Red-crowned crane population;(2) scientific wetland irrigating and strict control fire hazard;(3) should think about the indicator of genetic diversity at the course of assisted breeding Red-crowned crane;(4) improve the function of propaganda and education center as quickly as. |
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