Macrofungi Diversity And Their Association With Forest Characters In Xiao Xing'an Mountains,NE China

It is of reference value for the evaluation of the forest management and the scientific management of the forest protection project to analyze the characteristics of the forest ecosystem,distribution of the macrofungi,difference in the stand and the law of coupling.In this study,we investigate the species composition of marcofungi,calculate the diversity index of the macrofungi,and divide the key species characteristics of the marcofungi,the functional groups based on their uses and habitats in the natural reserve and adjacent areas of the Liangshui National Nature Reserve and surrounding forest in Xiao Xing'an area.Tree layer,shrub layer,herb layer of the characteristic indexes of stand structure(height,diameter,height,crown,multi degree,density,etc.)were selected to calculate the Patrick richness index,Shannon-wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index.Based on three analytical methods including variance analysis,redundancy analysis(RDA),variance decomposition analysis method are adopted in this study to evaluate the characteristics of macrofungi diversity and forest structure,plant diversity and their coupling relationship.Obtained the following conclusions:(1)Through investigation and identification,it is found thatthere were 2 subspecies,5 classes,9 orders,30 families and 75 genera of macrofungi,including 73 edible fungi,67 medicinal fungi,42 wood rot fungi,10 poisonous species,and 19 species,which are in the Tricholomataceae and Polyporaceae most widely distributed.There are many kinds of edible fungi and medicinal mushrooms,which are important components of species diversity.It has potential and broad prospects for development and utilization.In this area,there are a large proportion of fungi and medicinal fungi,accounting for 49.7%and 45.6%respectively.The Maraglef richness index of macrofungi was mainly distributed below 60,accounting for 94%of the total.The diversity index of M-H'was the largest among 0.25-1.25,accounting for 59%of the total.The average M-E is less than 0.05,accounting for 20%of the total,less than 0.5 of the total 95%.The richness and evenness of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests were higher than those of different forest types,but the difference was not significant.Compared with other areas,fungal diversity is low and uneven.Similarly,Compared with previous survey catalogues,46 new species are added in this study.(2)The distribution characteristics of the structure and diversity(plant and fungi diversity)in this area are:the height of tree layer is concentrated in 11-15m,and the DBH is generally between 12.5-22.5cm.The shrub layer;community structure of plant height between 1-1.7m,average crown,herb height less than 0.6m.The diversity of tree layer is relatively high,and the abundance of R>10 species is 50%,and the distribution is more uniform.The diversity of shrub layer is low.The richness index R>6 accounts for only 25%of the total,while the evenness is larger than 0.7-1.The coniferous forest,coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest and broad-leaved forest were significantly different in the structure and biodiversity of the three stand types,among which the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest had the highest diversity.The diversity and richness of different forest types are consistent,which are herb layer>tree layer>shrub layer.This is in line with the characteristics of the forest community in the north.In different forest types,the structural indexes influencing diversity are different:herb density is the most important factor in broad-leaved forest.In the coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest,the influence degree was ranked as irrigated land diameter>branch height>grass height>DBH.The coniferous forest has a significant impact on ordination:grass density>branch height>grass abundance>irrigation density>shrub height.(3)The relationship between macro fungi and stand characteristics:there is no significant difference in the diversity index of macrofungi in different forest types.Topographic factor is 1.3 times and2.8 times and 3.8 times more than stand characteristics.which explain the diversity,resource type and habitat characteristics of macrofungi.There is also a significant difference among different forest types:the characteristic factors of broad leaf forest have no significant influence on the diversity index and distribution of fungi.The herb coverage has a significant impact on habitat type and resource type.In the coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest,the variation of the macro fungi diversity was mainly influenced by the tree layer richness.The density of shrub layer had a significant influence on the distribution of fungi.Resource types and habitat types were not significantly affected by stand factors.In the coniferous forest the main factors affecting the change of macrofungi were tree height,DBH and diversity index.Stand characteristic factors had no significant effect on the distribution of macro fungi.Tree diameter at breast height has a significant impact on resource types and habitat types of macrofungi.(4)In view of the future operation and management of the small Xingan ridge area.We should focus on the change of plant diversity after the adjustment of forest structure,and the change of macrofungi diversity.We should focus on the effects of stand structure and plant composition on key species,functional groups and fungal diversity of macrofungi.The above results provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of marcofungi resources and their ecological function assessment and management in Xiao Xing'an area.It provides a basic data reference for forest management and management to increase species diversity through adjustment of stand factors in Xiao Xing'an area.