Ideotype Regulation Of Flue-Cured Tobacco By Different Cultivation Measures

The dynamic characteristics of different cultivation conditions for specific combinations of flue-cured tobacco in the process of growth and development of plant type,clear quality characteristics of flue cured tobacco of different types,contradiction between yield and quality of tobacco,tobacco group structure optimization,this experiment through the organic combination of various kinds of flue-cured tobacco cultivation measures and techniques,the flue-cured tobacco varieties Yuyan 12,plant characteristics and agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco and the root index,photosynthetic characteristics,physiological,main chemical components and neutral aroma components,leaf cell structure and economic traits were measured and statistical analysis.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The plant dynamics research results show that the low density or density,squaring topping or early topping,plant type change trend in the whole growth period in Table-type drum type tube type;high density,squaring topping or early topping,plant type change trend is Table-Tower-type tube type.Low nitrogen squaring topping,plant type change trend is Table-type tower type tube type;low nitrogen condition at early blooming stage,plant type change trend is Table-type tower type drum type.In nitrogen,changes in plant bud topping or flowering topping conditions mainly for Table type drum type tube type.High nitrogen,squaring topping or under the condition of the tobacco plant at early blooming stage in the whole growth period of the plant is mainly in Table-type.(2)The results of root index research showed that the total root surface area and active absorption surface area of all plant types increased with the passage of growth period.The late growth stage was the largest drum drum type,and the tower tube type was the smallest.Along with the growth period,the root activity increased first and then decreased,and the maximum appeared on the seventy-fifth day after the transplanting.The field growth stage tower and drum-type cylinder barrel type tobacco were lower,which is beneficial for the tobacco maturing.(3)Photosynthetic characteristics showed that the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of each plant type decreased with the growth stage,and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration showed a V curve.The transpiration rate showed an inverted V curve.Drum barrel type tobacco plant before the mid photosynthetic performance is strong,favorable to the accumulation of photosynthetic products,later waned in favor of inclusion fully converted,in favor of tobacco maturing;Table Table type and tower barrel type tobacco plant photosynthetic performance strong performance in the field is not conducive to the late fall yellow ripe tobacco.(4)Population physiological research results showed that the leaf area index of Table Tobacco drum type maximum leaf area,the longest,highest population growth rate,photosynthetic productivity most conducive to obtain high yield;physiological indexes of group tower drum type tobacco plants are at a low level,restricted the yield of tobacco leaves.(5)Quality index and economic traits.The results showed that the drum barrel type tobacco leaf quality index and output index,content of aroma constituents of coordination,the highest average price of nearly 27 yuan / kg,fine tobacco ratio of more than 60%;yield index of tobacco plant in Table Table-the highest,but the sugar content is low,the amount of nitrogen is high,the nicotine content of upper leaves nearly 5%.The contradiction between yield and quality is explained,and the optimization and adjustment of plant type in the production of flue-cured tobacco is an important measure to coordinate this contradiction.(6)Comparing the characteristics of cylindrical tobacco and umbrella type tobacco,the results showed that stem circumference,maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width of umbrella type tobacco plants were significantly higher than those of cylindrical tobacco plants,the plant height and the length of cylindrical tobacco plants was significantly higher than that of umbrella type tobacco plants.From the vertical distribution of tobacco leaf type characteristics,umbrella type tobacco upper leaf and lower leaf length and leaf area were significantly higher than Ye Kuan,barrel type tobacco,in individual leaves even reached significant level,and with the rising of leaf position,the umbrella type tobacco leaf angle increased,and was significantly higher than that of normal barrel type tobacco,Ye You was on the middle.The maturity of tobacco leaves is higher,and there is almost no complete chloroplast in mesophyll cells,that is,chloroplast membrane structure dissociates,starch granules release,nucleus dissociation and nuclear membrane depolymerization.In contrast,umbrella type tobacco maturity is low,palisade cells within the chloroplast envelope wrapped starch granules of immature starch granules were not clearly visible,filling,the chloroplast membrane layer structure is clear and complete,the structural integrity of the nucleus,clear nucleoli,a large number of mitochondria,larger individuals.The total amount of aroma substances in cylindrical tobacco plants was significantly higher than that in umbrella type tobacco plants.Only 32 kinds of aroma substances were detected in the 32 kinds of aroma substances,and the contents of aroma components in umbrella type tobacco plants were higher than those in cylindrical tobacco plants.The contents of the other 24 aroma components were lower than those in normal cylindrical tobacco plants.The contents of total nitrogen and nicotine in tobacco leaves of different parts of umbrella type tobacco plants were significantly higher than those of cylindrical tobacco plants,and the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar were lower than those of cylindrical tobacco plants.The difference between them was significant,with low potassium content,high chlorine content,poor combustion and chemical components.The output value,average price and top smoking ratio of cylindrical tobacco plants were all higher than those of umbrella type tobacco plants,and the difference was significant.The average price was 26.82 yuan / kg,the highest smoking rate was 61.98%,and the yield was lower than that of umbrella type tobacco plants,which was less than 199.71 kg per hectare.The comprehensive analysis showed that the root index,photosynthetic characteristics,quality indicators and economic characters of drum drum type tobacco plants were the best.The ideal plant type of flue-cured tobacco was drum barrel type during the growth period.The combination of different cultivation measures on tobacco plant regulation plays a key role in low density,medium density at early blooming stage,squaring topping in density at early blooming stage,nitrogen squaring topping and nitrogen in early topping 5 cultivation mode can control the field growth period of tobacco was the drum cylinder type.The upper leaves of umbrella type tobacco plants are too bloated,though the yield is high,but the internal chemical components are not coordinated,the maturity is not enough,and the quality of tobacco leaves is low,which can not meet the raw material requirements of cigarette industry.