| In this study,the diallel crossing method to study the color genetic rule of the gold and silver pearl layer,thus pearl culture and small pieces and culture pearl of color to shell culture pearl effect.Also studied the color genetic rule of the red and white adductor muscle,so that pearl layer color breeding,red adductor muscle breeding of P.martensii provide a theoretical basis.After the first generation of breeding populations of golden pearl layer of P.martensii for parents,it were estimated 12 of the F1 golden pearl layer families and a control group of P.martensii,the breeding white shell groups F6 generation of P.martensii for parents,it were estimated 12 of the F1 red adductor muscle families and a control group of P.martensii.Compared the viability and growth traits of each families,A study of separation for the color pearl layer of the F1 golden pearl layer families and pearl culture,At the same time the separation for the color adductor muscle of the F1 red adductor muscle families.Furthermore,the Kung breeding value and overall comprehensive value of the growth,survival for each family were estimated.Experimental results were as follows:1)The research of the color genetic rule of the gold and silver pearl layer thus pearl culture: The larval stage,the cumulative survival difference was significant(P<0.05),The GG group was the highest and the others were not significant,the growth rate of four group shell length and height in the order GG>SS>SG>GS.The breeding stage,shell length,shell height,shell width and body weight of the fastest growth GG group were 1874.67,1957.67,804.67 ?m?d-1 and 1201.33 mg?d-1.The cumulative survival rates in the order GG>SS>SG>GS,32.86%,22.75%,18.70% and 17.28%,respectively.The color of pearl layer occurs separation phenomenon,it does not comply with Mendelian inheritance,the selfing group with a single color and the hybrid group not only with two colors,but also occurs other color.The color of pearl culture results indicate that small pieces of the mantle with tissue culture cell associated with pearl producing shell also has some relevance.2)The research of the color genetic rule of the red and white adductor muscle: The larval stage,the cumulative survival difference was significant(P <0.05),The RR and WW group had no significant difference and the others were significantly different,the growth rate of four group shell length and height in the order RR>RW>WR>WW.The breeding stage,shell length,shell height,shell width and body weight of the fastest growth RR group were 1971.67,1973.33,837.33 ?m?d-1,and1087.33 mg?d-1.The cumulative survival rates in the order RR>RW>WW>WR,33.42%,27.55%,26.07% and 23.84%,respectively.The colors of red and white muscle adductor of genetic rule were quality traits and Mendelian inheritance can be stably genetic.The white adductor muscle to the red adductor muscle was dominant.3)The heritability estimates for growth straits in the earlier larva stage.The breeding F6 generation of P.martensii for parents,The shell length and shell height of larvae were measured on day 8,21,35 and 50 age.The estimates of heritabilities were 0.11-0.98 for shell length and 0.12-0.99 for shell height.Narrow-sense heritabilities of paternal half-sib were 0.17,0.19,0.12 and 0.11 for shell length,and 0.20,0.23,0.13 and 0.12 for shell height at different stages,respectively.In the estimation of genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients between two different stages of growth traits were 0.528-0.746 and 0.747-0.921,respectively.Therefore,the heritability at four different larval stages shows that there may be increase by selecting the larval stage of the growth-related traits.4)The Kung breeding value and overall comprehensive value Pi of the F1 golden pearl layer families were studied.The larval stage,the G5 and G12 families of cumulative survival rate were significantly higher than others(P<0.05),which were the shell length and height were the fastest growth rate.The breeding stage,the growth rate of four growth traits significantly different(P<0.05),the G5 and G12 were the best growth traits for two families.The cumulative survival rate of the G5 and G12 families were significantly greater than the rest of the families and the control group.The pearl layer phenotype rate of the G5 and G12 families were the highest,were 58%,56%.The overall comprehensive value Pi of the G5 and G12 families were the best,which were two traits excellent families.5)The Kung breeding value and overall comprehensive value Pi of the F1 red adductor muscle families were studied.The larval stage,the R2 and R6 families of cumulative survival rate were significantly higher than others(P<0.05),which were the shell length and height were the fastest growth rate.The breeding stage,the growth rate of four growth traits significantly different(P<0.05),the R2 and R6 were the best growth traits for two families.The cumulative survival rate of the R2 and R6 families were significantly greater than the control group,the control group was significantly greater than the rest of the families.The adductor muscle phenotype rate of the R2 and R6 families were the highest,were 51%,50%.The overall comprehensive value Pi of the R2 and R6 families were the best,which were two traits excellent families. |
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