Study On Biological Differences Between Female And Male Of Trachycarpus Fortunei

The Trachycarpus fortunei(Hook.)H.Wend is a tropical evergreen tree,belonging to Palmae,which is growing in warm and moist circumstance,with a very wide distribution area.It is also a native tree in Guizhou province,with widely use and strong adaptability.It can be used for comprehensive treatment of rocky desertification and also can be used as an ecological forest tree species in centralof Guizhou and the northeast of Guizhou.The T.fortunei are dioecious plants,but the economic value of female and male plants and the difference of resistance have not been reported,and there is no effective method for sex identification before flowering.Based on this,the study was carried out from the aspects of morphological and anatomical,physiological and biochemical,DNA molecular markers and transcriptional groups,in order to know the difference of biological characteristics between female and male,and to explore the methods of gender identification.Some preliminary results are obtained in this study.1.There is no significant difference in leaf length,leaf width,petiole length and leaf shape index of the female and male plants;The DBH influenced the yield of brown slices and the yield of the male plant brown slices was greater than that of the female.In the bud stage,the content of water and ash in the female and male buds were significantly different,and the contents of crude fiber,crude fat and VC was no significant difference between female and male flower buds,and the yield of male flower bud was obviously higher than that of female,and the economic value of male plant was greater than that of female plant with brown and brown flower as the main harvest.2.There was no significant difference in soluble sugar content between female and male leaves in4-9 months.In October,the soluble sugar content of female plants was significantly higher than that of male plants.The differences of soluble sugar content in leaves of female and male plants were similar to those of soluble sugar,and the content of chlorophyll was higher than that of male plants during the whole growth period,but they had no significant difference.There was no significant difference in malondialdehyde content,POD enzyme activity and CAT enzyme activity in leaves of male and female plants.But the free proline content of male plant leaves was always higher than that of female plants,and the resistance of male plants was higher than that of female plants.3.The results show that the content of IAA,ABA and ZR in female flowers were higher than those in male flowers during the developing process of flowers.The high level of IAA,ABA and ZR content is beneficial to the development and maturation of female flowers;The high level of GA3 is beneficial to the maturation of male pollen.The ratio of IAA/ABA,ABA/GA3 and ZR/ GA3 increasing is more beneficial to the development of female flowers and maturation of male pollen;The ratio of ZR/ABA decreasing is more beneficial to the the maturation of female flower and male pollen.The female and male flower morphologic observations show that the female and male flowers have a hermaphroditic stage,the female flower consists of 3 functional pistils and 6associated stamens on the side,and the stamens are selectively aborted and become a single female flower during development;the male flowers are composed of 6 functional stamens and 3accompanying pistils in the inside,and the pistil selectivity is selective.Abortion has become asingle male flower,and whether sex control can be further studied by exogenous hormones.4.There are significant differences in the thickness of the leaves,the thickness of the upper epidermis,the thickness of the lower epidermis,the thickness of the lower epidermis,the thickness of the cuticle,the thickness of the palisade,and the thickness of the sponge tissue,but it is still necessary to further study whether the difference affects the resistance and the economic value of the female and the male,and whether it can be the basis for the identification of sex.5.The ISSR and RAPD molecular markers are used to determination of sex for female and male T.fortunei and no specific bands between females and male plants were found.The analysis of the differences in the expression of the female and male transcriptional groups showed that the chromosomal spiral binding protein(CHD1),serine / threonine protein kinase(STPK),cytochrome P450 716B1 and UPF0136 were expressed specifically in the male T.fortunei plants.The protein homologues of THUMP domain are expressed in male.The expression of cytokinin dehydrogenase 6 is up-regulated in the male flower of palm,and 12 female and male specific sites have been found by SNP detection.These specific expression genes provide a new research direction for the mechanism study and sex identification of selective flower development of amphoteric flower in T.fortunei.