Development Of Biotransformed Fishmeal And Applied Research As Alternative To Plasma Protein For Weaned Piglets

At present,C hina's breeding industry commonly used pig breeds for the Duroc pig,Landrace,Yorkshire swine,etc.,as well as binary,ternary hybrid pigs.The Duroc pig-Landrace-Yorkshire swinehybrid pig with fast growth,high utilization of feed,lean meat,high economic efficiency and other characteristics,welcomed by the domestic pig farms,the promotion effect is better.Pig growth stage is generally divided into suckling stage,nursery stage,growing and fattening stage.N ursery stage refers to the weaning of piglets to the end of conservation period,the pig in this stage is called weaned piglets.Early weaning of piglets is prone to weaning stress response,which has a serious impact on the digestion and absorption of weaned piglets and affects the health and growth of weaned piglets.And the quality of the feed has a great influence on the intensity and duration of the weaning stress response.In addition,China's animal protein supply and demand is relatively tight,feed raw material prices continue to rise,feed costs continue to increase.Therefore,the use of biotransformation to develop new sources of protein feed,improve the utilization of protein feed,small peptide content and digestion level,to alleviate the shortage of feed protein,reduce weaning piglets adverse reactions are of great significance.This study is dedicated on the development of biotransformation fishmeal a nd the application effect of fish meal in feed of weaned piglets.The effects of different fermentation conditions on the content of small peptide,the content of volatile nitrogen and the total antioxidant capacity of fermented fishmeal were studied by fermentation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis.The optimum fermentation conditions were determinedin the first part.Secondly,the optimum enzymolysis conditions were determined by studying the effects of different enzymatic conditions on the content of small peptide and volatile nitrogen content.Furthermore,the effects of different enzymatic treatment time and the amount of protease on the content of small peptide,the content of volatile nitrogen and other physical and chemical indexes were studied.The production process of biotransformed fishmeal was determined.Research results are as follows:(1)The fermentation condition was optimized as: the ratio of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis was 1:2,the ratio of material to water was 1:1,the inoculum amount was 5%(v/v),the cultural temperature was 35 ? and the cultural time was 24 h.Under the conditions of fermentation of fish meal,the small peptide content was 24.77%,the volatile basic nitrogen content reached to 42.5 mg·(100 g)-1and the total antioxidant capacity increased more than 70%.(2)The enzymatic hydrolysis condition was optimized as: the ratio of papain,neutral protease andbromelain was 3:2:1,the initial p H was 6.0and the enzymolysis temperature was 50 ?.(3)The best enzymolysis time was 8 h in enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation step by step process.(4)The optimal protease addition was 160 U in process of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation simultaneously.(5)Compared with fish meal,the content of sma ll peptide of biotransformation fishmeal increased by 69.69%,the content of volatile base nitrogen decreased by 35.71%,the content of amino acid increased by 30.52%,and the indexes increased.(6)To add 3% biotransformation fishmeal to feed,compared with plasma protein powder,the average daily feed intake increased by 11.98%,the average daily gain increased by 17.75%,the feed ratio decreased by 4.89%,the diarrhea rate increased by 11.03%;compared with fishmeal,the average daily feed intake increased by 10.16%,the average daily gain increased by 5.01%,the feed ratio increased by 4.90%,diarrhea rate decreased 10.34%.Conclusion:(1)To obtain biotransformation fish meal fermentation bacteria: a Lactobacillus acidophilus and a Bacillus subtilis;(2)To obtain a biotransformation fish mealcompound enzyme formulation;(3)To obtain two sets of biotransformation fish meal production methods: enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation step by step of the production process and process of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation simultaneously;(4)To obtain two sets of biotransformation fishmeal production process: the synchronization production process of fishmeal and biotransformed fishmeal and the independentproduction process of fishmeal and biotransformed fishmeal;(5)Fish meal by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation,can effectively improve the product small peptide content and amino acid content,reduce the volatile base nitrogen content,greatly enhance product quality.(6)To add 3% biotransformation fishmeal to feed can increase the average feed intake of weaned piglets,the average daily gain,reduce diarrhea rate,improve economic efficiency.