Effects Of Harvest Time On Maturity Characteristics,yield And Quality Of Flue-cured Tobacco

The maturity of flue-cured tobacco has an important effect on the quality of tobacco leaves,and the production of random picking is widespread,which has seriously affected the quality of tobacco leaves and has a great negative impact on the formulation o f cigarette.In this study,we conducted the study of K326,the main cultivar K326,in the town of Guishan,Luoping County,Q ujing C ity,Yunnan Province,from 2015 to 2016,and carried out research on the maturity characteristics and quality of flue-cured tobacco in different harvesting periods.The best maturity of the tobacco,to meet the needs of industrial enterprises,to provide theoretical basis.In this study,the appearance and maturation characteristics of fresh tobacco leaves at different harvesting stages were studied.The changes of physiological and biochemical indexes of fresh tobacco leaves and flue-cured tobacco leaves at different harvesting stages were analyzed,and the economic characters,Quality and sensory quality;The color values(L *,a *,b *)of fresh tobacco leaves and flue-cured tobacco leaves were measured by color difference meter.The color values of tobacco leaves were correlated with the chemical composition and pigment of flue-cured tobacco.And establish the discriminant function of the maturity of the fresh tobacco leaves by the color values L *,a * and b *,and provide a quick and convenient method for improving the accuracy of the harvesting of fresh tobacco leaves.The main conclusions are as follows:1.Flue-cured tobacco with the harvest time delay,its field maturity is rising.The upper leaves 2 days ahead of harvest,the middle of 3 days ahead of the harvest of tobacco maturity is less mature;Upper,middle and lower part of the normal harvest of tobacco maturity is still cooked;upper postponement 4 days,the central postponement of 3 days,the lower postponement of 2 days harvest of tobacco maturity is better,mature;The upper postponement of 8 days,the central postponed 6 days,the lower postponement of 4 da ys to harvest the maturity of the tobacco is too familiar.The results showed that the upper,middle and lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco were postponed and harvested with good maturity.2.Compared with fresh tobacco leaves,the starch content was significantly decreased and the reducing sugar was significantly increased,while the changes of potassium,total nitrogen and nicotine were different.With the increase of maturity of flue-cured tobacco,the reducing sugar in the upper leaves of fresh tobacco leaves increased,while the middle and lower leaves increased first and then decreased,reaching the highest value in the mature stage.The change of total sugar and reducing sugar in flue-cured tobacco leaves increased first and then decreased,and its highest peak fluctuated in mature period and maturity stage.The sugar content of the flue-cured tobacco leaves increased with the maturation of the flue-cured tobacco leaves.The changes of the nicotine in the flue-cured tobacco leaves increased,while the changes of total nitrogen were different,while the nicotine and total nitrogen Rise.In view of the lack of cooked,cooked tobacco leaves,starch higher,the chemical composition of poor coordination,does not meet the requirements of high quality flue-cured tobacco chemical composition.The content of total sugar and reducing sugar in mature tobacco leaves was higher,but all of them were suitable,the content of starch was low and the amount of nitrogen and alkali was appropriate.3.With the postponement of the harvest period,the maturity of flue-cured tobacco is rising,The contents of SPAD,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll and carotenoid were decreased with the increase of ripening,and the color index of L *,a * and b * were increased.The results showed that the L value,a value and b value of fresh tobacco leaf were closely related to SPAD and the content of each pigment.The Fisher linear discriminant function with different maturation degree was established by using the color values of L *,a * and b * in different parts of fresh tobacco leaves.The accuracy rate of the new sample is 95.46%,the accuracy rate of the new sample is 94.44%.The results show that the color parameters can be used to establish the objective,fast and accurate method to determine the maturation of tobacco leaves in the field,and avoid the influence of human subjective factors.4.There were significant differences in the economic traits of tobacco yield,yield,upper proportion of tobacco,medium and so on.The upper part of the postponement of 4 days recovery,the central postponement of 3 days harvest,the lower postponement of 2 days the overall economic traits of tobacco the best,higher than the normal harvest of tobacco prices higher than 0.53 yuan,the proportion of cigarettes increased by 2.19% an increase of2404.5 yuan per hectare.The average price of tobacco harvested in advance,the lowest harvest of the lowest yield of tobacco.O n the whole,it is necessary to postpone the appropriate period of tobacco harvesting period and obtain better economic benefits.5.The different harvesting period had a significant effect on the appearance quality and sensory quality of tobacco leaves,B2 F maturity is the best delay 4 days harvest,the appearance of the highest quality index,the score higher than the normal harvest 0.39;C3F delayed 3 days harvest tobacco leaves mature,leaf structure loose,the same status,the appearance of the best quality,its sense of concentration,momentum,aroma score than t he normal harvest are increased by 0.1;Lower leaf leaves X2 F,delayed 2 days harvest more balanced indicators,the best quality of sensory,performance in the concentration,momentum,aroma than the normal harvest has improved.