Effect Of Water And Nitrogen On Yield And QualityOf Wheat In Southern Henan Province

In recent years,wheat planted on the paddy field has been repeatedly exposed to bad weather such as continuous rain during the sowing date,combined with the prevalence of “much more weight to rice production than wheat” in the area and unreasonable nitrogen application,which has seriously affected wheat production in this area.Therefore,to explore the optimum management strategies of wheat planted on paddy field under water and nitrogen applied in Xinyang,Henan province,the national wheat cultivar-Lankao 198 was used as tested in this experiment with two water(normal and waterlogging)and five nitrogen levels(0,75,150,225,300 kg hm-2)for two consecutive years.The effects of wheat on the growth,yield and quality of wheat were systematically studied.The main findings are as follows:(1)Effects of nitrogen application on yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat planted on the paddy field: Nitrogen application can significantly increase yield and improve quality,and there is a significant two correlation between nitrogen application and yield.The increase in yield was mainly due to the significant increase in the number of panicles and grains per panicle,while there was no significant difference in the 1000-grain weight between treatments.The improvement of quality is mainly due to the increase in grain bulk density,grain protein content,wet gluten content of flour,flour protein content,sedimentation value,swelling potential,starch content,silty properties.When nitrogen rate was 225 kg hm-2,yield and quality indicators are relatively good,at this time the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency is relatively high among the treatments,which reduces the residual nitrogen in the soil.(2)Effects of nitrogen application on growth and development of wheat planted on the paddy field: Nitrogen application improved population quality,soil NO3-N content,and dry matter(nitrogen)accumulation and translocation after anthesis.Nitrogen application increased leaf age,number of secondary roots,leaf area index,SPAD,population number,anthesis,maturity,after-anthesis,dry matter accumulation,dry matter transport and transfer efficiency before anthesis,dry matter translocation contribution rate to grains,0-20 cm soil NO3-N content,anthesis,maturity nitrogen accumulation,anthesis nitrogen transport,anthesis nitrogen accumulation,grain nitrogen accumulation.The indicators are better at the amount of nitrogen 150-225 kg hm-2.(3)Effects of waterlogging on wheat yield,quality,and nitrogen use efficiency in southern Henan province: Waterlogging significantly reduced 1000-kernel weight and the effect on spike number,grains per panicle,grain yield varied with different nitrogen applied.Waterlogging had no significant effect on grain bulk density,and significantly reduced grain and flour protein content,wet gluten content,sedimentation value,swelling potential,starch content,and was not conducive to improve farinograph characteristics.Waterlogging reduces nitrogen use efficiency only at partial nitrogen levels.(4)The effects of waterlogging on the growth and development of wheat in southern Henan province: waterlogging reduced leaf age,number of secondar y roots,dry matter accumulation at anthesis,dry matter accumulation at maturit y,dry matter translocation before anthesis,and dry matter transport efficiency.The effects of SPAD,population number,leaf area index,and NO3-N content i n 0-20 cm soil were not significant.Waterlogging improved the soil moisture c ontent of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm.Waterlogging significantly affected nitrogen a ccumulation at anthesis,nitrogen accumulation at maturity,grain nitrogen accu mulation,nitrogen accumulation after anthesis,nitrogen translocation before anth esis,nitrogen transport efficiency,nitrogen translocation contribution rate.The above results indicate that suitable nitrogen application can significantly increase the yield and quality of wheat in southern Henan.Under the conditions of this experiment,the nitrogen application rate of 225 kg hm-2 can simultaneously increase the yield,nitrogen use efficiency,and improve quality.Waterlogging had a significant effect on yield and nitrogen use efficiency only at some nitrogen levels,and waterlogging reduced some of the quality indicators.Therefore,in the current relatively high soil moisture content,nitrogen is still the key factor affecting yield and quality traits of wheat planted on paddy field in southern Henan province,and water is not a key factor affecting wheat yield and quality in this area.