Effects Of Pepper/Maize Intercropping On Rhizosphere Soil Microecology

Intercropping is a comprehensive and efficient method of crop cultivation.Pepper(Capsicum.annuum L.)and maize intercropping can effectively improve the efficiency of water,fertilizer and light resources of crops and greatly increase production.This study systematically analyzed the physiological and ecological mechanisms of rhizosphere soil microbial quantity,microbial diversity,rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and effective nutrient content in crops of dry pepper/maize intercropping,providing scientific guidance for improving intercropping system productivity and resource utilization efficiency.The main results are as follows.The production and quality of pepper is the core of concern for breeder.The pepper yield and quality traits of intercropping were higher than that of single cropping mode.For yield and quality of pepper in the intercropping and single cropping patterns,the advantages of the intercropping pattern gradually appeared with the extension of the planting years.In the fourth year,the yield,quality traits and overall merit of pepper in intercropping mode were higher than signle cropping mode significantly(P<0.05).Intercropping mode is important for the solve of crop continuous obstacle and improving crop yield and quality significantly.Compared with the single cropping,the biomass C and biomass N in the rhizosphere soil of the pepper were higher and the gap was more significant with the increase of the time.The planting pattern has a significant impact on the number of rhizosphere microorganisms in crops.The planting pattern has a significant impact on the number of rhizosphere microorganisms in crops.The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil of the capsicum was higher than that of the single cropping mode,and the number of fungi was lower than that of the single cropping mode,and the difference was more significant with the increase of time.The accumulation of soil enzymes in the soil is related to the life activities of soil microorganisms and plant roots.With the increase of planting years,the enzymatic activity of pepper and maize rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than that of single cropping mode.In the fourth year,the activities of urease,catalase,invertase and phosphatase of intercropping pepper were 5.76%,13.90%,5.84% and 34.78% higher than the single cropping mode,respectively;the activities of urease,catalase,invertase and phosphatase of intercropping maize were 7.63%,11.60%,19.4% and 22.08% higher than the single cropping mode,respectively.Soil organic matter,alkali nitrogen and available phosphorus in intercropping pepper and maize were significantly higher than that of pepper and maize in the single mode.Both in the singleand intercropping cropping,the AWCD rises first and then falls with the time.in the whole experiment period,the AWCD in the intercropping mode were 5.56%,9.55%,22.60% and 41.32%higher than that in the single mode.In addition,the diversity of microbial community in soil were analyzed.The Shannon and Simpson index of rhizosphere soil microbes increased first and then decreased with the time,while the McIntosh index showed a downward trend.In the fourth year,the soil microbial Shannon,Simpson index and McIntosh index of pepper rhizosphere soil were 12.05%,19.22% and 11.24% higher than the single cropping mode,respectively.The intercropping mode significantly increased the utilization of carboxylic acid,polymer and phenolic acid carbon sources in the rhizosphere microorganisms of pepper by 20.79%,36.36% and 33.33%,respectively,and the utilization of saccharides,amino acids and amines were significantly decreased.Principal component analysis(PCA)of soil microbial utilization of carbon source diversity revealed that sugars,amino acids,and carboxylic acids are sensitive carbon sources that distinguish between intercropping and single cropping mode,and indicated that the intercropping of maize and potato changed the structure of rhizosphere microbial community and improved the functional diversity of rhizosphere microbial community.In conclusion,the intercropping of pepper and maize can effectively optimize the microbial community structure of crop soil rhizosphere,increase the number of beneficial microbes and the activities of soil enzyme,and effectively increase the diversity of microbial colonies,optimize soil fertility,and laid the foundation of the stabilize yield of pepper and maize.