Effects Of Micro Sprinkler Irrigation Of Integrated Water And Fertilizer On Soil Enzyme And The Water And Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Flooding and excessive fertilization are common in agricultural production in Jinnan.The unreasonable pattern of water and nitrogen can lead to the waste of water and fertilizer resources and the pollution of soil non-point sources,which has become an important bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in Jinnan.In response to the above problems,a field trial was conducted in Hancun Farm,Handu District,Linfen City,five treatments were designed:W₁N₁?W₁N₂?W₂N₂?W₂N₂?CK.To study the effects of water and fertilizer integration on the growth and development of winter wheat and summer maize,soil enzyme activity,soil water and nitrogen distribution under micro-spraying conditions in2016-2017.The effects of nitrogen uptake,water and nitrogen use efficiency,and quality in order to explore the optimal water and nitrogen mode of operation provide technical support and theoretical basis for the increase of production of wheat and maize,efficient use of water and nitrogen,and reduction of environmental pollution.The results showed that:?1?Micro-spraying water and fertilizer integration is more conducive to maintaining the soil moisture content of 0-20cm in the whole growth period,and promoting the growth and development of crops.Compared with micro-spraying,flood irrigation only significantly increased soil water content from 0 to 100 cm in short time after irrigation;micro-injection 4?W₂?treatment was more beneficial to increase the post-fertility of winter wheat and summer maize than W1 treatment.The soil moisture content.?2?Compared with conventional nitrogen fertilization and flood irrigation,the integration of micro-water-spraying fertilizer is conducive to reducing soil nitrogen accumulation and reducing the risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching.In the winter wheat season,under the condition of micro-spraying,compared with the optimized nitrogen?N₂?treatment,the habitual nitrogen?N₁?treatment had a higher accumulation of NO₃^--N content in the middle layer of winter wheat during the early growth stage.The number of micro-spraying had no significant effect on soil NH₄⁺-N content,but it significantly increased the NO₃^--N deeper soil movement.Optimizing nitrogen application could increase the content of NO₃^--N in the soil at 0-20cm during filling stage and reduce the content of NO₃^--N in the deep layer of soil during harvest.In the summer maize season,the content of NH₄⁺-N in 0-60cm was higher than that in micro-injection 4 times in the small bell-mouth stage and filling stage.?3?The integration of micro spray fertilizer can improve the growth period of winter wheat and summer corn main soil NAG?leucine aminopeptidase?LAP??cellulase?CBH???-glucosidase?BG??xylanase?BXYL?activity.In winter wheat season,the soil NAG,LAP,BG and CBH activity were the highest in the period of grouting and heading.In summer maize season,the soil LAP activity was the highest in the period of grouting with W₂N₂treatment.In addition to the mature stage and the big bell mouth stage,the activity of soil BG,BXYL and CBH treated by W₂ was higher than that treated by W₁.In the nitrogen fertilization mode,optimized nitrogen fertilization can improve the soil BG,BXYL and CBH activity of summer maize at the later stage of its growth.?4?Micro-spraying water and fertilizer integration increased the leaf area and plant height at the later stage of winter wheat growth.Micro-spraying water and fertilizer integrated in the micro-spray four times,the optimum nitrogen application of winter wheat in the jointing stage of the highest number of stems per plant,which shows that a small amount of water and nitrogen treatment is conducive to increase the stems of plants and dry matter accumulation.In the summer maize season,compared with the micro-injection 4 times and the micro-injection 3 times,irrigation of the big bell-mouth period increased the accumulated amount of irrigating material by 1.43-8.26%.This indicates that irrigation of the big bell-mouth water is used to increase dry matter accumulation of summer corn.?5?Integration of micro spray fertilizer significantly improved the winter wheat and summer maize yield,water use efficiency and nitrogen utilization in the quarter,the winter wheat yield and water use efficiency increased by 27.6%and 71.4%than CK;The water utilization efficiency of summer maize was 71.79%higher than that of CK.?6?Compared with CK,microspraying significantly increased grain hardness index and decreased protein and wet gluten content in winter wheat season.The nitrogen application pattern was the same.Protein and wet gluten content were both W₂>W₁.The number of micro-spraying was the same,and the index of grain quality for optimal nitrogen application was the highest.The W₂N₂ quality trait was the best in all treatments.In the summer maize season,W₂N₂ treatment had the highest grain protein index.The irrigation pattern was the same.The content of starch and water was N₂>N₁.When the micro-injection was 4 times,the protein content was N₂>N₁.To sum up,the integration of micro-spraying of water and fertilizer for winter wheat and summer maize in Jinnan was carried out by four micro-sprays during the growth period,and the optimal combination of nitrogen application was the optimal combination,ie,micro-spray irrigation of winter wheat,jointing water,and booting water.Water for grouting,pure nitrogen225 kg·hm^-2,of which 60%base+30%topdressing+10%top-dressing during the filling stage;summer corn micro-spray irrigation seedling water+small bellmouth water+big bellmouth water+booting Water,Shichun N227.5 kg·hm^-2,20%seed fertilizer+60%small bell-mouth topdressing+20%booting,can ensure soil moisture in the plough layer,reduce nitrate nitrogen infiltration,improve Soil enzyme activity at the later growth stage of the crop,increasing water and nitrogen use efficiency and increasing production.Therefore,in the two cropping areas of winter wheat and summer maize in Jinnan,micro-sprinkler water and fertilizer integration can be used instead of flood irrigation to achieve high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of nitrogen in water-saving provinces.It is worth promoting the water and nitrogen operation mode.