Study On The Physiological And Quality Traits Of EMS Induced Mutants From Jingu21

Study on the new dwarf EMS induced mutants from Jingu21 at field experiments for two consecutive years measuring growing status,including photosynthesis at the jointing stage,heading stage and filling stage,mature agronomic traits,millet quality indicators,photosynthetic and physiological changes in mutant millet by N addition were measured,etc.The main results are as follows:(1)In 2015,when the millet was affected by drought,in the grouting stage,the stomatal opening degree of the mutant was higher than that of Jingu 21,and the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and water utilization rate was not changed;In 2016,when the millet was in high concentration of water,the stomatal opening degree and transpiration of the millet were lower than that of Jingu 21,which resulted in the photosynthetic rate was lower than that of Jingu 21.(2)In 2016,total chlorophyll a and chlorophyll and carotenoid content of the mutant leaves were lower than that of Jingu 21,only the chlorophyll b content of the mutant leaves was higher than Jingu 21 at heading stage,and other growth period it was lower than Jingu 21;The soluble sugar content of the millet leaves was lower than that of Jingu 21 at jointing stage and heading stage,while it was higher at filling stage.Sugar and cellulose content of the millet leaves were lower than that of Jingu 21 at the whole growth period,whereas starch content of the millet leaves was higher than that of Jingu 21 at jointing stage and milking stage(3)In 2015 and 2016,the plant height of mutant was significantly lower than that of Jingu 21.Stem diameter and tiller number were also dramatically lower.There was no significant change in spike length and total number of nodes in mutant compared to Jingu 21.Every section long of mutant was significantly lower than that of Jingu 21.Leaf width and leaf area of mutant were significantly higher than that of Jingu 21,while the spike weight,kernel weight,stem leaf weight and total biomass were significantly lower than that of Jingu 21,and only grains was not significantly changed.(4)In 2015,there was no significant change in the colour and starch of the mutant and Jingu 21,while the lower of carotenoids,phytase activity,protein and fat of the mutant were observed in mutant.In 2016,there was no significant change in the colour,starch and fat of the mutant and Jingu 21.The carotenoids content and phytase activity of the mutant were lower than that of Jingu 21,while the protein content was higher.The iron,manganese,magnesium and copper content of mutant more abundant than that of Jingu 21,while the other elements content was not significantly changed.(5)There was no remarkable change in transpiration rate and water utilization rate of the leaves in mutant with high nitrogen treatment,while the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were increased.The total amount of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and chlorophyll were markedly decreased at the heading stage and the grouting stage,and the carotenoid was significantly increased at the heading stage There was no significant change at the grouting period.In the grouting period of millet,the content of raw sugar,starch and cellulose except the soluble total sugar content were not significantly changed.There was a significant decrease in stem roughness,a significant increase in the thousand grain weight,and a significant decrease in the 13th section of millet,and the remaining agronomic traits showed no significant changes.There was no significant difference in the economic coefficient,but there was a significant increase in the total carotenoids in the mutant.