| The whole process of mechanized production is the premise of industrialization and scale of foxtail millet.However,the traditional narrow row planting method is widely used in foxtail millet planting,which is not conducive to the whole mechanized operation of foxtail millet.The combination of fine seeds and fine methods can achieve high quality,high yield and high efficiency production of foxtail millet.In this study,Jingu 21 and Zhangzagu 10 were used as research objects,and field experiments were carried at Dingxiang country and Taigu country,using randomized block design,at their respective suitable planting density(Jingu 21,375000±1200 plants /hm2,Zhangzagu 10,180000±600 plants/hm2).Six kinds of equal row planting patterns of 30 cm,40 cm,50 cm,60 cm,70 cm,and 80 cm were set.In the late growth stage of foxtail millet,the effects of morphological index,canopy structure,stem lodging,yield and yield components of foxtail millet were investigated in order to find out the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation mechanism of foxtail millet under the row spacing suitable for mechanized operation.The main conclusions were as follows:The plant height and height of gravity center of Jingu 21 and Zhangzagu 10 increased with the increase of row spacing at Dingxiang and Taigu,but the difference between row spacing of 40 cm,50 cm,60 cm and 70 cm was not significant.On the whole,the average leaf area and average SPAD value of each leaf position of both places were as follows: the upper part >the middle part >the lower part.And the average leaf area and average SPAD value of the upper,middle and lower leaf position of two varieties,the functional leaf area and the leaf SPAD value of two varieties,the total leaf fresh weight and dry weight of two varieties increased at first and then decreased with the increase of planting row spacing in both places.Both of them reached the maximum at 50 cm row spacing,followed by 40 cm and 60 cm;Both of these indicate that proper planting row spacing was beneficial to promote the increase of photosynthetic area and chlorophyll content in foxtail millet leaves.The leaf spacing at the base of 1-6 leaves and the node length at the base of 1-5 node of Jingu 21 and Zhangzagu 10 were gradually increased with the increase of planting row spacing at Diangxiang and Taigu,it is indicated that widening the row spacing promotes the increase of the inter base leaves spacing and the growth of internodes,which was beneficial to improve the ventilation and light transmission capacity of the lower leaves.The internode plumpness and steam resistance of the 1-5 node of two varieties were increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting row spacing in Diangxiang and Taigu,and reached the maximum at 50 cm planting row spacing both of them.The lodging index of 1-5 node in the base was increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting row spacing,and reached the minimum at 50 cm row spacing;indicating that the appropriate widening of the row spacing was beneficial to the internode quality of the base of foxtail millet.The formation of the stem base improved the lodging resistance.The canopy leaf area index of Jingu 21 and Zhangzagu 10 at each canopy height decreased with the increase of planting row spacing at Diangxiang and Taigu.The mean leaf angle,extinction coefficient,transmission coefficient for diffuse pentration and transmittance rate of two varieties of each canopy height were gradually increased with the increase of the planting row spacing in both places,and the difference was significant in the middle and lower parts,the top difference was not significant.It was indicated that widening the planting row spacing has changed the vertical distribution of light in the canopy of foxtail millet,and had a significant impact on the middle and lower parts.The leaf area index of each canopy was the highest in the 30 cm planting row spacing of the two varieties,but the middle and lower leaves were severely shading and the inter-row light transmittance rate was low.The light transmittance rate of each canopy was the highest under 80 cm planting row spacing,but the light energy interception rate was low,the light energy between the inter-row was wasted.According to the comprehensive comparison,the light distribution of each canopy in the 40 cm,50 cm,and 60 cm row spacing was more suitable,and the utilization rate of the group was higher.The difference of panicle per unit area of Jingu 21 was not significant between different planting row spacing at Dingxiang and Taigu;the panicle per unit area of Zhangzagu 10 was decreased with the increase of planting row spacing in both places,but the difference between 40 cm and 50 cm planting row spacing was not significant.The yield of two varieties were increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting row spacing,but the difference was not significant under the planting row spacing of 30 cm,40 cm and 50 cm in both places.The panicle length,panicle diameter,Panicle weight and 1000-grain weight were increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting row spacing in both places,and both of them reached the maximum at 50 cm row spacing.In conclusion,in 50 cm planting row spacing,the plant type of foxtail millet is better,the average leaf area and SPAD value of the top,middle and lower leaf position are large,the functional leaf leaves have large photosynthesis area and high chlorophyll content.The distribution of light at the height of each canopy of the plant is more reasonable in 50 cm planting row spacing.The plant has a high internode plumpness of 1-5 knots,strong steam lodging resistance,reasonable yield composition and high yield in 50 cm planting row spacing,and it is suitable for whole-process mechanized production in foxtail millet field. |
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