| The dry-hot wind is one of the main agricultural meteorological disasters that affect the yield of the wheat in the late stage of growth and development,and it is of great significance to find suitable dry-hot wind mitigation measures to maintain the high and stable yield of the wheat.The test was conducted in the agricultural experimental station of Shandong Agricultural University from September 2017 to June 2018,and the dry-hot wind sensitive variety Jinan 17 and the anti-dry-hot wind variety Liangxing 77 are used as the material,and the three nitrogen fertilizer levels of 120 kg/hm~2,240 kg/hm~2 and 360 kg/hm~2 are set,and at the same time,starting in the afternoon of the dry-hot wind treatment,0.1 mmol/L of methyl jasmonate(MeJA)containing 0.01%of Tween 20 was sprayed for 3 consecutive days,and the mechanism of control and control of leaf senescence and yield of winter wheat under dry-hot wind condition was determined.So as to provide a theoretical basis for improving the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the winter wheat and the application of the plant hormone in the agricultural production.The main results are as follows:1.Canopy temperature of wheat under the control of the interaction between the exogenous MeJA and the nitrogen fertilizerCompared with the CK,the dry-hot wind treatment obviously improves the canopy temperature of the wheat,and increases the temperature to between 1.9-6.8?.And the temperature of the wheat canopy is obviously reduced by spraying MeJA under the dry-hot wind condition,and the temperature is reduced to be 0.7-2.6?.Under the condition of CK,the temperature of the wheat canopy was reduced,and the temperature was decreased by0.2-1.3?,and the decrease was lower than that of the dry-hot wind.The interaction between the application of the nitrogen fertilizer and the spraying of MeJA can significantly reduce the temperature of the wheat canopy under the dry-hot wind,better than the single application of the application of the nitrogen fertilizer or the effect of spraying the MeJA,thereby relieving the damage caused by the dry-hot wind to the wheat.2.SPAD and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Wheat Leaves under the Condition of the Interaction between the Exogenous MeJA and the Nitrogen FertilizerThe SPAD value was increased by 10.7-65.9%,and the SPAD value was increased by7.1-18.1%with the interaction of MeJA and N2.The interaction between the spraying of MeJA and N3 increased the SPAD value by 4.7-8.8%.In the case of LX77,the SPAD value was increased by 7.6-32.2%with the interaction of MeJA and N1 under the dry-hot wind condition,the SPAD value increased by 11.1-15.8%,and the interaction between the spraying of MeJA and N3 increased the SPAD value by 4.3-5.3%.Compared with the spraying of clear water,the interaction between the spraying of MeJA and N1 on the JN17 under the dry-hot wind conditions increased the Fv/Fm by 6.6%-4.4%on the third and sixth days of the treatment,and the interaction of the MeJA with the N2 under the dry-hot wind conditions increased the Fv/Fm by 3.2%-4.4%on the third and sixth days of the treatment,respectively.The interaction between the spraying of MeJA and N3 under the dry-hot wind conditions increased the Fv/Fm by 3.3%-1.0%on the 3rd and 6th day of the treatment,respectively.In the case of LX77,the interaction between the spraying of MeJA and N1 under the dry-hot wind conditions increased the Fv/Fm by 2.9%-5.4%on the 3rd and 6th day of the treatment,respectively,and the interaction of the MeJA with the N2 under the dry-hot wind conditions increased the Fv/Fm by 1.7%-8.9%on the 3rd and 6th day of the treatment,respectively.The interaction between the spraying of MeJA and N3 under the dry-hot wind conditions increased the Fv/Fm by 1.9%on the 6th day of the treatment.Under the treatment of N1,after the spraying of MeJA,the pPS II of JN17 increased by 19.2%-42.6%on the 3rd and 6th day after the dry-hot-air stress treatment,respectively,with the increase of 23.9%-47.2%in the N2 treatment,19.2%-16.8%respectively under the treatment of N3,and the increase of N2>N1>N3.LX77 at N1,N2,in the treatment of N3,16.8%-47%,14.5%-21.1%,16.7%-10.2%respectively,and the increase of N1>N2>N3,respectively.3.The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the leaves of the wheat leaves under the control of the interaction of the exogenous MeJA with the nitrogen fertilizerCompared with the spraying of water,the interaction between the spraying of MeJA and N1 increased by 3.6-16.6%,and the interaction between MeJA and N2 increased by4.4-25.9%.The interaction of MeJA with N3 increased the activity of SOD by 1-18.3%,and the interaction between MeJA and N2 was the highest.The interaction of MeJA with N1increased by 6.8-26.5%,the interaction between MeJA and N2 increased by 3.4-24.4%,and the interaction of MeJA with N3 increased the activity of SOD by 1.6-18%.At the N1 level,the POD activity of the JN17 sprayed with MeJA increased by 0.9-22.5%than that of the spraying water under the dry-hot air stress,the interaction between the spraying of the MeJA and the N2 increased by 9.1-18.7%,and the interaction between the spraying of the MeJA and the N3 increased by 2.4-14.7%.Increase the amplitude N2>N1>N3.For LX77,the interaction of spraying MeJA with three nitrogen levels increased by 1.9-10.6%,1.1-14.5%and1.6-14.8%,respectively.Under the condition of dry-hot wind,the interaction between JN17N1 and the spraying of MeJA increased 1.2-42.7%of the activity of CAT,the interaction between N2 and the spraying of MeJA increased by 1.6-21.4%,the interaction between N3and the spraying of MeJA increased by 1.5-24.1%,and the interaction between the LX77and the spraying of MeJA increased 4.2-21.6%of the CAT activity.The interaction between N2 and the spraying of MeJA increased the enzyme activity of 3.6-11.2%,and the interaction between N3 and the spraying of MeJA increased by 0.6-6.1%.Under the condition of dry-hot wind,the interaction between JN17N1 and the spraying of MeJA decreased by 1.2-42.7%,the interaction between N2 and the spraying of MeJA decreased by 1.2-42.7%,the interaction between N2 and the spraying of MeJA decreased by 1.6-21.4%,the interaction between N3and the spraying of MeJA decreased by 1.5-24.1%of the MDA,and the interaction between the LX77 1 and the spraying of the MeJA decreased by 4.2-21.6%of the CAT enzyme activity,The interaction between N2 and the spraying of MeJA decreased by 3.6-11.2%,and the interaction between N3 and the spraying of MeJA decreased by 0.6-6.1%.4.The content of endogenous hormone in the dry-hot wind under the interaction of the exogenous MeJA and the nitrogen fertilizerUnder the condition of dry-hot wind,the interaction between JN17 N1 and the spraying of MeJA increased by 12.4-35.5%of ABA,and the interaction between N2 and the spraying of MeJA increased by 14.4-38.9%.The interaction of N3 with the spraying of MeJA increased the ABA content of 2.7-26.1%.For LX77,the interaction between N1 and the spraying of MeJA increased the ABA content of 9.1-45.4%,the interaction between N2 and the spraying of MeJA increased by 8.8-45%,and the interaction between N3 and the spraying of MeJA increased by 4.4-25.5%.Under the condition of dry-hot wind,the interaction between JN17N1 and the spraying of MeJA increased by 6.9-19.5%,the content of JA,the interaction of N2and the spraying of MeJA increased by the JA content of 6.9-19.5%,and the interaction between N3 and the spraying of MeJA increased by 6.4-28.2%.In the case of LX77,the interaction between N1 and the spraying of MeJA increased the JA content of 8.1-25.2%,the interaction between N2 and the spraying of MeJA increased by 15.4-48.2%,and the interaction between N3 and the spraying of MeJA increased by 14.4-25.5%.5.Relative expression of TaHSP under dry-hot wind condition by the interaction of exogenous MeJA and nitrogen fertilizerThe relative expression of TaHSP16.9,17.8,and 23.6 in the wheat leaves increased with the increase of the number of treatment days,and the relative expression of TaHSP16.9,17.8,and 23.6 in the wheat leaves decreased after the treatment.The relative expression of each treatment on the third day after treatment was the highest.The relative expression of TaHSP16.9,17.8,and 23.6 was obviously increased by dry-hot wind,and the relative expression of TaHSP16.9,17.8 and 23.6 was significantly higher in the early stage of treatment than that of spraying water.The relative expression of TaHSP16.9,17.8,and 23.6was not affected by the spraying of MeJA under field conditions.With the increase of nitrogen application,the relative expression of TaHSP16.9,17.8,and 23.6 in wheat leaves increased gradually under the condition of dry-hot wind.The relative expression of the anti-dry-hot wind variety LX77 is higher than that of the JN17.6.Yield of exogenous MeJA and nitrogen fertilizer interaction and control of dry-hot wind conditions and its constituent factorsThe effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and its composition factors was significant,and the dry-hot wind stress affected the wheat yield by reducing the grain weight of the wheat,and the dry-hot wind had no effect on the number of spikelet and the number of kernels per spike.The spraying of MeJA under the dry-hot wind stress can alleviate the damage caused by the dry-hot wind to the wheat,and the spraying of the MeJA on the low nitrogen level under the condition of the field can increase the yield,and has no contribution to the yield at the high nitrogen level.Under the condition of field,the yield is N2>N3>N1,and the yield of N2=N3>N1.LX77 is higher than that of JN17 under dry-hot wind condition. |
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