Effects Of Soil Drilling And Fruit Sawdust On Growth And Development Of Apple Tree And Rhizosphere

Aiming at some apple orchards located in Mountain Hills,the mechanization degree of orchard fertilization is low,which seriously limits the use of organic fertilizer in orchard production by the influence of terrain condition and geological condition,so it is of great significance for orchard production to explore the simple method of using mec hanical fertilization.In this study,5a Fuji Apple Trees were selected to drill and fertilize the edge of fruit tree canopy by using a small drilling machine.Set up 3 drilling methods: Different aperture treatment: diameter 10 cm holes(?10),diameter 15 cm holes(?15)and diameter 20 cm holes(?20);different quantities: diameter 10 cm holes,4 hole/Plant(?10-4),8 hole/plant(?10-8),12 hole/plant(?10-12),diameter 15 cm holes,3 hole/plant(?15-3),5 hole/Plant(?15-5),7 hole/Plant(?15-7),field test.Through investigation and comparison,analysis and evaluation of apple tree new tip growth,branch composition and proportion,flower bud number and yield,root growth and rhizosphere conditions,to explore the appropriate method of drilling and fertilizatio n.In addition,orchard planting area is large in China,a large number of orchard waste is produced every year,and organic fertilizer is a large number of demand in orchard production,but the source of organic fertilizer is scarce,this study explores the use of orchard waste and different agricultural waste co-fermentation to produce fruit scraps compositing material,improve the yield of organic fertilizer,and a potted experiment was carried out on it.The main results are as follows:1.Holes diameter promotes soil environment,nutrient status and enzyme activity in Apple root area,but there are differences between treatments.The results were more significantly in ?15(diameter 15 cm holes)and ?20(diameter 20 cm holes).In addition to soil pH,the effect of different diameter holes on soil nutrient content in Apple root area decreased with the increase of soil depth.The content of alkaline nitrogen and available potassium in soil was most significantly improved by ?15,and the content of available phosphorus and TOC(total organic carbon)in soil was improved.2.Root growth in holes was significantly promoted by increasing the diameter of holes,and the total growth of root increased with the increase of holes diameter.In the ?15,the root configuration was significantly improved,which promoted the increase of the total length,surface area,volume,average diameter,root tip number and fractal dimension of the root,and improved the root activity.3.The relative content of chlorophyll was significantly increased and the growth of new shoots was promoted by increasing the diameter of holes.And the effect of ?15 and ?20 was similar,the relative content of chlorophyll was obviously improved and the growth of new shoots was obviously promoted.Different diameter holes can adjust the proportion of branch type,reduce the number of long branches,and promote the transformation of fruit tree branches into medium and long branches.?15 and ?20 can promote the growth of branches and increase the proportion of long branches and short branches in all branches.Holes increased the number of flower buds in different diameters,?20 had the highest total flower buds,which was 19.76% higher than CK,and significantly increased the number of middle and short branch buds,which also had a significant effect on the number of axillary flower buds.At the same time,the fruit yield was significantly increased by ?15 and ?20,and increased production by more than 30% compared with CK.4.Different quantities of holes can improve the soil nutrient content in the root area,both treatment groups show that with the increase of holes quantity nutrient content is also increasing,the deep soil nutrient content is lower than the surface soil nutrient content,to ?10-12(diameter 10 cm holes 12 hole/plant)and ?15-7(diameter 15 cm holes 7 hole/The effect of increasing nutrient content was the most significant.Different quantities of holes can promote root growth in holes,and the total root growth of ?10-12 and ?15-5(diameter 15 cm holes 5 hole/plant)is the most in the two treatment groups.Compared with the results of the two treatment groups,less holes number will promote the uniform distribution of the root in the holes,and the increase of the number of holes will improve the vitality of the root system.5.Increasing the number of holes has a significant effect on the relative content of chlorophyll and the growth of new shoots.The ?10-12 and ?15-7 were the most significant in promoting the growth of new shoots and increasing the relative content of chlorophyll.The increase in the number of holes promotes the increase in the number of branches and regulates the proportion of branch types.The largest number of branches were treated with ?10-12 and ?15-7,?10-8(diameter 10 cm holes 8 holes/plant)and ?15-5 significantly increased the proportion of long branches.With the increase of holes number,the number of flower buds also gradually increased.There was a difference in the number of flower buds in d ifferent living parts,and the flower buds of ?10-12 and ?15-5 in the two treatment groups were the highest,and the flower buds of middle and Long Branch buds were significantly increased.The production effect of ?10-12 and ?15-7 was the most significant,and the yield increased by 13.48% and 31.59% respectively.6.Applying fruit sawdust decomposing substances can increase soil nutrient and increase soil enzyme activity;promote root growth of Malus hupehensis,improve root structure and increase root activity;it is beneficial to the growth of seedlings and increase the number of branches.Among them,the fruit sawdust decomposition produced by the co-fermentation of chicken manure and fruit sawdust are relatively good.