| The vigorous development of agriculture is inseparable from the wide application of pesticides.However,pesticides,as a toxic substance deliberately diffused into the environment,will cause harm to human,especially to pesticide workers.Therefore,how to scientifically and reasonably solve the safety problems caused by pesticide exposure is very important.Agricultural production plays a very important role in our country,which is bound to require us to pay more attention to such issues.Although China's pesticide exposure risk assessment has made great progress,due to the more complicated situation in China,we need to conduct more risk assessment studies to improve the basic data of pesticide exposure in China,which has Significance.This paper carried out an occupational exposure assessment study of a knapsack electric sprayer and a stretcher powered sprayer.The whole body dosimetry was used to determine the skin exposure and the air sampling methodologies was used to determine the inhalation exposure to identify the exposure of the two application scenarios and make targeted recommendations based on the results.The exposure test of the knapsack electric sprayer was carried out in Hebei,and and three heights?<80 cm,80-130 cm,>130 cm?were selected for application,8 people each time,a total of 24 times;The exposure test of the stretcher power sprayer was carried out in Beijing,a total of 8 People.The research results are as follows:The extraction and detection methods of thiamethoxam,chlorantraniliprole and SYP-9625 in cotton gauze,XAD-2 and hand washing were established.The recoveries of the three pesticides in several matrices ranged from 88.45%to 113.24%,and the standard deviations ranged from 1.2%to6.8%,meeting the test requirements.In the two application scenarios,the PDE of the knapsack electric sprayer was 5964.86 mg kg-1,and the respiratory exposure was only 5.32 mg kg-1;the potential skin exposure?PDE,Potential Dermal Exposure?applied by the stretcher power sprayer At 350.28 mg kg-1,respiratory exposure was only0.72 mg kg-1.The vast majority of exposures are caused by dermal exposure,and the proportion of inhalation exposure is small and negligible.After wearing long sleeved shirts and long pants,the actual dermal exposure?ADE?of the piggyback electric sprayer was 1163.67mg kg-1,the exposure was reduced by 72.54%;the stretch of the stretcher power sprayer was 51.05 mg kg-1,the exposure was reduced by 85.51%.This shows that wearing long sleeved shirts and long pants has a good protective effect.In knapsack electric sprayer scenario,corn fields less than 80 cm produced higher exposure levels,followed by corn fields larger than 130 cm,and finally corn fields 80-130 cm.As the height of the crop increases,the proportion of upper body exposure of the pesticide workers will increase.In stretcher-type power sprayer scenario,the hand is the most exposed part,accounting for 58.51%of the total exposure,and the protective effect of wearing cotton gloves is poor,so it is recommended to wear rubber gloves.The risk of exposure to the compound pesticide virtako was assessed using the margin of safety?MOE?method.The MOE value was 8.15×103,indicating that the exposure risk of spraying virtako in the corn field by the applicator using a knapsack electric sprayer is acceptable. |
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