| The northern cold area is Chinaundefineds main grain production base,and the corn is one of its main grain crops.Heilongjiang province produces about 37 million tons of corn straw every year.In the field of the original stubble covering the large amount of the corn straw,the general sowing machine can not work normally,the waste straws are mostly burned,and in order to solve the problems of high-quality and high-efficiency metering and straw scientific return,the sustainable development of the agriculture is realized,and according to the relevant national standards,The field experiment of 2BMFJ-DL6 multi-function non-tillage and no-tillage stubblecovering precision seeding machine(hereinafter referred to as the large-ridge six-row no-tillage machine)is carried out,and the residual stress method of the straw is combined with the multi-comparison method to explore the decay period of the surface covering the straw in the north.The experiment of sowing the soybean and the corn was carried out in the Keshan County.The main research contents and achievements are as follows:(1)After the corn is harvested mechanically in the north,the residu al stubble covering amount of the surface straw is 1.23 kg/ m2,and the 2BMFJ-DL6 multi-function corn stubble-based no-tillage and stubble-covering precision seeding machine is operated at a speed of 9km/ h,and the machine is free of blockage.The straw cleaning rate is more than 97%,the operation effect is good,the sowing depth,the uniformity and the consistency of fertilizer devices are in accordance with the requirements of the national standard.the total discharge amount of the machine is extremely stable,and the excellent standard is achieved;according to the northern ridge planting mode and the related agronomic requirements,the fertilizer application depth,the seed fertilizer horizontal distance,and the combination of the agricultural machinery and the agriculture is achieved;(2)In the north,no-tillage and no-tillage stubble-covering precision sowing mechanization is applied in the north,and the degradation rate of the straw is 56.3% after the corn straw is covered and returned to the field for 168 days,the degradation rate of the straw after the tearing is 62.4%,and the degradation rate of the straw is 60.0% after the corn straw is buried in the field for 168 days.The decomposition of the straw has a distinct stage and is shown as a "early-stage,mediumand late-stage slow";(3)The degradation rate of the corn straw in different parts was significant,and the degradation rate of the straw from the top to the bottom was reduced linearly.After the straw mulching and returning to the field for 168 days,and the degradation rate of the corn straw is quickly and slowly sorted: the straw(top),the upper part of the straw and the straw,the lower part of the straw and the lower part of the straw(root),the degradation rate of the top of the straw is 72.3%,the bottom of the straw is only 49.1%.(4)The experimental demonstration effect of the corn on the ground is good,and in the case of the operation speed of the implement is 9 km/ h,the surface straw is covered with uniform coverage,the rate of emergence of the field reaches 91.1%,the emergence rate is high,the seedling is all,the seedling is all,the seedling is uniform,and the seedling is strong.Compared with the conventional sowing and turning-over and burying field,the ear length in the no-tillage seeding mode is 17 mm and 10 mm respectively,the ear grain number is more than 22 grains and 19 grains,the ear weight is 34 g and 25 g,the ear weight of the ear is 39 g and 21 g,the difference is significant,and the other sexual characteristics are not significant;in the three operation modes,the lodging rate of the no-tillage and straw-covered precision seeding method is 2.61%,which is obviously lower than that of the other two groups,the difference of the number of the plants and the number of ears is remarkable,and the other characteristics are not obvious;in the condition of the same seeding density,the yield of the no-tillage straw-covering operation mode is 72.7 kg and the yield is improved by 12.7% compared with the conventional op eration mode,The difference was significant,the yield was 43.3 kg,the yield was increased by 7.2%,and the difference was significant.On the basis of the data analysis,the obvious advantages of the corn ear individual are that the no-tillage and straw-covering operation mode is more than that of the conventional sowing and turning-over land-planting mode,the cost of the land is 231.5 and 233.56 yuan(excluding the state subsidies),the efficiency is 29.2% and 29.5%,and the economic benefit is obvious ly increased;(5)The experimental demonstration effect of the soybean test was good at the original stubble of the large-ridge corn in the Keshan County.Under the condition of the tool operation speed of 9 km/ h,the surface straw was covered with uniform co verage,the rate of emergence of the field reached 93.3%,and the rate of field emergence was 0.8%,which was 1.1% higher than that of the overburied soil.The seedling emergence rate is high,the seedling is full,the seedling is all,the seedling is uniform,and the seedling is strong.The plant height of four modes was determined at the flowering stage,and the no-tillage and straw-covering mode was 0.7 cm lower than that of the conventional sowing,and the operation mode of the no-tillage mulching film was 3.1 cm lower than that of the conventional sowing.in that mature period,the method for measure the no-tillage and straw-covering mode has the advantages that the height of the conventional seeding mode is reduced by 1.5 cm,the number of the main ste m is less than 2,the number of the 1-grain soybean is high by 0.4,the number of the 2-grain soybean is less than 3.4,the number of the three beans is high by 4.7,the number of the four beans is high by 0.5,the number of the four-grain soybean is higher than 2.2,and the higher-than-ground mode strain is reduced by 3.1 cm,The number of the main stem is 1,the number of 1-grain-bean-bean is 1.4,the number of the 2-grain-bean-bean is 0.6,the number of the three-grain-bean-bean is high,and the number of the four-grain-bean-bean is 7.5,and the number of the bean-bean curd is 1.2.Under the condition that the seeding density is consistent,the yield per mu of the 2BMFJ-DL6 multi-function stubble-toground no-tillage stubble-covering precision sowing method is 206 kg and 15.8 kg higher than that of the conventional sowing and turning-over,and the difference is significant;The non-tillage operation mode is more than 109.1 yuan and 118.0 yuan(excluding the state subsidies),the efficiency is 21.0% and 23.1%,respectively,and the economic benefit is obviously increased. |
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