| In recent years,dairy farming in China has developed rapidly,especially the standardized and large-scale dairy farm are gradually increasing,as well as the number of breeding cow,which make the prevention of cow disease into one of the first questions confused the cow workers.At present,there are many types of cow disease,the major epidemics such as Brucella disease and tuberculosis which can infect humans.Moreover,some strains that leading to cow mastitis also have some pathogenicity to people.Therefore,the prevention and treatment of cow disease should be emphasized in the large-scale farm.These diseases will have a significant negative impact on the health of the cows,which make the reduction of output,elimination or forced killing.Immunization and diagnostic products is a powerful tool for the prevention and control of infectious diseases for cows,the related research in China has lagged behind,and the effective products input the application also has big problems,such as non-standard vaccination,no prevention,leak proof vaccination and insufficient immunizing dose,improper vaccine storage weakening the immunity,which all lead to epidemic diseases.This study will focus on the study of the prevention and control of infectious diseases in large-scale dairy farms in reclamation areas of Heilongjiang province,which is mainly aimed at the investigation and purification of three kinds of common bacterial severe infectious diseases,such as mastitis,Bulitis and tuberculosis.The comprehensive measures contain identifying the infection status,implementing the in test and field of to diagnose and decontamination procedures and the immunization,diagnosis and purified procedure,promotion of practical techniques and evaluation of new technologies,which provide some reference for the construction of land-reclaimable area without the specific disease.(1)Comprehensive prevention of cow mastitisA total of 4327 lactating cow in the dairy farms of Jinsanjiang Farm Administration were tested during 2013.2321 dairy cows were detected with subclinical mastitis and its incidence rate was 53.6%.436 dairy cows were detected with clinical mastitis and its incidence rate was 10.1%.25 bacteria with three kinds was obtained from the isolation of milk samples with mastitis,part of the pathogen sensitivity analysis showed that mastitis pathogens resistant to a wide spectrum and strong resistance,the majority of the sample showed high sensitivity to ofloxacin,cephalosporin only had effect on a small portion of isolates.Combined with the management measures,ofloxacintreatment program was carried out for dairy cows with non-positive S.aureus,cow 3d relieve the symptoms for most dairy cows were remission or recovery,the total efficiency is up to 60%.(2)A serological survey of brucellosis was conducted in 22 cattle farms.A total of 4131 sera were tested and confirmed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)screening and competitive complement ELISA,which can effectively eliminate false positive samples to reduce losses.Four serological methods were used to determine the growth and decline of A19 immune antibodies in 3~8 months cows.It was found that all cows in the first month after immunization had positive conversion;in the second month,in addition to amber infrared,serum agglutination test,indirect enzyme association.Both immunosorbent assay and complement ELISA showed signs of negative conversion;By the seventh month,there was still a positive occurrence.Compare the brucellosis colloidal gold test strip with two indirect ELISA and amber red assay to confirm that the test strip is suitable for rapid on-site testing.The milk sample detection method can monitor the immune status of the whole group.The multiple time test results of the five cattle farms are consistent with serology,which can save a lot of manpower and cost.Purification and monitoring of brucellosis in 6 cattle farms,which were purified by continuous testing.(3)Comprehensive prevention and control of bovine tuberculosisSampling surveys of tuberculosis were carried out in 19 farms,950 dairy cows were detected,most of the incidence rate is zero or controlled at the level of less than 1%,but there are some farms with a higher rate of infection.Because the only reliable diagnostic method for tuberculosis is the skin allergy,we did not evaluate other diagnostic methods.The diagnosis and purification with tuberculosis skin test was carried out four times a year in eight large-scale dairy farms of Heilongjiang Province,the tuberculosis was purified at last.Then the PPD skin test was carried out two times a year to detect the whole group cow,eight tuberculosis purification farms were implemented the monitoring,PPD-positive cow are all negative in the re-examination program,which confirmed the tuberculosis in these farms was indeed purified. |
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