Effect Of One-time Base Application Of Slow And Controlled Release Fertilizer On Wheat Yield Formation And Quality

In order to meet the need of simplified fertilization in the main wheat-producing areas of Jiangsu Province,a one-time experiment was conducted with slow-controlled release fertilizer.The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Yangzhou University from 2016 to 2018.Yangmai 20 was selected as the test material,and the total nitrogen application amount of 252 kg/hm2 and 4 times of traditional high-yield fertilization were used as the control.11 treatments including 100%,90%and 80%humic acid controlled-release mixed fertilizer,resin coated urea and common urea with traditional high-yield fertilization,and CK without nitrogen fertilizer were set up.The effects of controlled-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid,resin coated urea and common urea on wheat yield formation,nitrogen uptake,utilization and quality were systematically studied in order to provide basis for rational application of slow-release fertilizer in wheat production.The main results are as follows:(1)Under the experimental conditions,the yield of traditional high-yield fertilization was 6783.3 kg/hm2.Under the condition of traditional high-yielding nitrogen application,the yield of controlled-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid increased by 2.21%compared with traditional high-yielding fertilization,and the yield of resin coated urea and common urea decreased by 0.74%and 27.76%respectively compared with traditional high-yielding fertilization.Both controlled-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid and resin coated urea could reach the yield level of traditional high-yielding fertilization,and one-time base fertilization was common.Urea could not reach the yield level of traditional high-yield fertilization.Under the condition of reduced nitrogen application,only 90%of the traditional controlled-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid with high-yield nitrogen application reached the requirement of high-yield.Under the experimental conditions,the number of spikes and grains per spike of the three fertilizers showed the trend of controlled-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid>resin coated urea>common urea,and 1000-grain weight showed the trend of common urea>resin coated urea>controlled-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid.In this experiment,under the condition of traditional high-yielding nitrogen application,the leaf area index of one-time base application of controlled-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid was the highest,and the SPAD value of traditional high-yielding fertilizer was the highest.The dry matter accumulation of three fertilizer treatments showed the trend of controlled-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid>resin coated urea>common urea.In this experiment,three kinds of fertilizers were applied at one time,and the controlled-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid had the best effect on Wheat Yield and its formation.It not only met the yield requirement of traditional high-yield fertilization,but also increased slightly,reduced the number of fertilization and alleviated labor tension.(2)The results showed that the total nitrogen uptake of the three fertilizers tended to be controlled-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid>resin coated urea>common urea under the condition of traditional high-yield nitrogen application.Under the condition of traditional high-yielding nitrogen application,the nitrogen absorption rate of one-time base resin coated urea was the highest from sowing to jointing stage;from jointing to flowering stage,the nitrogen absorption rate of traditional high-yielding fertilizer was the highest;from flowering to maturity stage,the nitrogen absorption rate of one-time base application of controlled-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid was the highest.Under the traditional high-yielding nitrogen application rate,the nitrogen uptake efficiency and agronomic utilization efficiency of one-time base application of controlled-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid were 46.71%and 12.31 kg/kg,respectively;the nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency of one-time base application of common urea was 27.65 kg/kg;the nitrogen partial productivity of one-time base application of controlled-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid and resin coated urea-and 100 kg grain absorption.Compared with the traditional high-yield fertilization,there was no significant difference in nitrogen content.In this experiment,three kinds of fertilizers were applied at one time,and the utilization rate of nitrogen basically showed the trend of controlled-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid>resin coated urea>common urea.(3)Under the experimental conditions,different nitrogen application treatments had little effect on wheat flour yield,bulk density,hardness and sedimentation value.Under the condition of traditional high-yield nitrogen application,the protein content,wet gluten content and dry gluten content of one-time base application of controlled-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid were 12.80%,34.64%and 10.89%respectively,but there was no significant difference with traditional high-yield fertilization and one-time resin coated urea,and there was significant difference with one-time application of common urea.The protein content,wet gluten content and dry gluten content of nitrogen reduction treatment were lower than those of traditional high-yield fertilization.Under the condition of traditional high-yielding nitrogen application,the parameters of starch gelatinization and dough rheological properties of one-time base application of humic acid-containing controlled-release blended fertilizer and resin coated urea were not significantly different from those of traditional high-yielding fertilization.The parameters of starch gelatinization and dough rheological properties of one-time base application of common urea were significantly different from those of traditional high-yielding fertilization.The results showed that under the condition of traditional high-yield nitrogen application,wheat quality could meet the requirements of high yield and quality by applying humic acid-based controlled-release fertilizer and resin coated urea at one time,while wheat quality could not meet the requirements of high yield and quality by applying ordinary urea at one time,and nitrogen reduction treatment could not meet the requirements of high yield and quality under the condition of reducing nitrogen application.