Effects Of Slow And Controlled Release Fertilizer And Urea Combined Application On Yield,Quality And Nitrogen Utilization Of Winter Wheat In Huaibei

Aiming at the problems of low content of soil organic matter and poor effective fertility in the old channel of the Huanghe River in Huaibei region,as well as the problem of premature senescence in the later period of wheat growth due to the lack of fertility supply,the experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Lingmeng Village,Siyang County,Suqian City from 2017 to 2019.Taking the local conventional high-yield wheat variety Huaimai 33 as the test material,set up one time basic application of slow mixed fertilizer(the mixing ratio of controlled-release nitrogen and available nitrogen was 65%35%)(mode F1),application of slow mixed fertilizer at basal stage and jointing stage(mode F2),basic application of slow mixed fertilizer and top application of urea at jointing stage(mode F3),conventional urea(CK),without nitrogen fertilizer(ON),a total of five treatments.The effects of slow-release fertilizer and common urea on the yield,quality and nitrogen utilization of wheat were systematically studied in order to provide a basis for the reasonable application of slow-release fertilizer on rice stubble wheat in Huaibei region.The main findings are as follows:(1)Under the same nitrogen fertilization condition,the wheat yield levels of the four fertilization modes were significantly different.Compared with CK,mode F1 increased production by 3.41%,and the net income increased by 48.02 yuan/hm2;mode F2 had the highest yield increase,reaching 10.31%,and the net income increased by 1225.87 yuan/hm2;mode F3 increased the yield by 6.72%,and the net income increased by 829.33 yuan/hm2.Mode F1 had no significant effect on the number of wheat spikes and 1000-grain weight,and the spike-grain number increased significantly,mode F2 significantly increased the number of wheat spikes,grain number per spike,and reduced 1000-grain weight.Mode F2 and F3 significantly increased the number of tillers and earing rate of wheat at maturity stage,and increased leaf area index,high-efficiency leaf area rate at each growth stage of wheat,reduced attenuation rate,and increased dry matter accumulation after anthesis,the total dry matter accumulation at maturity,especially mode F2 had the greatest effect on yield and benefits.(2)The length and width of flag leaf and inverted second leaf of wheat treated with controlled-release fertilizer and urea at flowering stage were significantly larger than those of conventional fertilization,and the drape was significantly smaller than that of conventional fertilizer,among them,mode F2 and F3 improved leaf shape most significantly,it increased the leaf length and width of flag leaf and inverted second leaf,decreased the leaf length and width of lower leaf,and decreased the drape of upper leaf of canopy.Nitrogen fertilizer treatment significantly increased leaf chlorophyll content,the SPAD value of flag leaves increased slightly from 0 to 7 days after flowering during the 28 days after flowering,and continued to decrease thereafter.Mode F2 and F3 significantly increased the chlorophyll content in the middle and late filling stage of Wheat.At 28 days after flowering,SPAD increased by 6.77%-12.31%compared with conventional fertilization.Pn,Gs,Tr of flag leaves of wheat after flowering gradually decreased with the growth period,Ci gradually increased,and Y(?)value and Fv/Fm value gradually decreased with the growth period With the progress of the grouting period,the differences between the treatments became more and more significant,at 28 days after flowering,mode F2 significantly increased Pn,Gs,Tr,Y(?)and Fv/Fm,and Ci decreased significantly.(3)Under the same nitrogen application condition,the total nitrogen uptake of wheat plants under different treatments at maturity was mode F2>mode F3>CK>mode F1.Mode F2 significantly increased nitrogen absorption at the later growth stage of wheat and increased nitrogen accumulation in plants at the mature stage.Mode F2 and F3 significantly increased the nitrogen transfer and translocation rate of stems and sheaths and leaves of wheat after anthesis,and the amount of nitrogen assimilation increased significantly after anthesis.The results of this study indicate that the apparent nitrogen utilization rate,nitrogen agronomic utilization rate,nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity,and nitrogen harvest index of the mode F2 were the highest,which were 10.84%,18.58%,9.04%and 6.83%higher than those of CK,respectively,the nitrogen physiological utilization rate and nitrogen nutrient utilization rate of mode F1 were the highest,which were 11.50%and 6.08%higher than those of CK(4)Under the same nitrogen application condition,the combined application of controlled-release fertilizer and urea significantly increased wheat flour yield,and had little effect on bulk density and hardness.The protein content,gluten index,and sedimentation value of the mode F1 were significantly lower than those of CK.Mode F2 had the highest protein,wet gluten content,and gluten index,which were 14.25%,33.46%,and 74.71%,which were significantly higher than those of CK,the content of amylose and total starch were 9.29%and 68.69%,and they were the lowest,and significantly lower than those of CK,and the falling value significantly increased.The gelatinization characteristics of wheat starch were significantly different among different treatments,the peak viscosity,low viscosity,final viscosity,thinning value and rebound value were as follows:mode F1>CK>mode F3>mode F2.However,the water absorption,dough formation time,stability time and quality index showed opposite rules,compared with CK,the mode F2 significantly improved dough formation time,stability time and quality index,and reduced the degree of weakening.