The Influence Of Fermentation Bed On The Structure And Function Of Gut Bacterial Community Of The Oliver Baboon

we carried out an experiment to use fermentation substrate instead of traditional hard substrate of the Oliver baboon(Papio anubis)in Shanghai Zoo.From mid-February to late-March,we monitored the environment temperature of the fermentation floor,enclosure and visitor passage,observed the use of fermentation floor by the baboon,used amplicon sequencing of 16S rDNA to analyze bacterial community of the fermentation floor at 4 different depths,and used metagenomics sequencing to analyze ground microorganisms in fermentation bed cage and common cage and intestinal microorganisms in Oliver baboons.The influence of the fermentation substrate on the safety of the Oliver baboon was assessed using the information.Results showed that the baboons did not show any sign abnormal in behavior,digestion and mental status.The fermentation substrate entered the stable phase after a developing period at high temperature.The Oliver baboons gave up using of heating facilities as usual,instead,they spent most of time in digging the fermentation floor to search,catch and chew the beetles,insects and worms living in it.The bacterial community at surface of the fermentation floor was the most complex with greater OTU number,Chao 1 and Shannon indices than other depths.From the surface to the depth the Oliver baboons could dig,a total of 13 genera of probiotics taking a total relative richness 42.26%,and 4 genera of potential pathogenic bacteria taking a total relative richness 11.08%.The results of comparative analysis between fermentation bed cage and common cage showed that the relative abundance of Chryseobacterium in common cage was significantly higher than that in fermentation bed cage,so common cage was more likely to cause the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria.At genus level,the relative abundance of Treponema and Oscillibacter in common cage group was significantly higher than that in fermentation bed cage group.Therefore,Oliver baboons raised in common cage were more susceptible to diseases caused by imbalance of bacterial flora.Based on the KEGG metabolic pathway,the functional gene abundances of energy metabolism,amino acid metabolism and peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the fermentation bed cage group were higher than those in the common cage group.It was speculated that the result was related to the increasement of the active behavior of Oliver baboons in the fermentation bed cage.Microorganisms not only provided energy for the body,but also helped them to resist some diseases.Based on the CAZy data base,the high proportion of xylan hydrolases and pectinases enhanced feed absorption efficiency of Oliver baboons in the fermentation bed cage.Secondly,the high proportion of CBM50,GH73 and GH25 families protected Oliver baboons from pathogens and promoted the improvement of disease resistance.To sum up,fermentation bed culture model inhibited the propagation and transmission of pathogenic bacteria through the advantage of probiotic reproduction,used the high temperature produced by probiotic fermentation process to increase the ground temperature of cage,regulated intestinal health and improved immunity of Oliver baboons.